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What is the use of .stack .data in starting lines of 8086 programming?
Wiki User
∙ 12y ago
.STACK
reserves
.DATA
Below the ".DATA" line you should declare (and optionally define) your variables, so the compiler reserves the corresponding RAM for each of them.
Data works differently from stack, as the data segment will keep named values (the variables values) while the stack will not. The stack will grow as needed upto the maximum value defined in the .STACK
Wiki User
∙ 12y ago
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What is the relationship of MS-DOS to CPM?
MS-DOS is a look-alike and work-alike of CP/M, only it was written for 8086/8088 processors. CP/M was originally written for 8080 processors.
What are the hardware and software requirements of operating system ms dos?
MS-DOS was initially released in 1981 for the Intel 8086 and 8088 based processors. There are no software requirements for MS-DOS as it is a stand-alone operating system. MS-DOS is compatible with x86 systems.
What operating systems support preemptive multitasking?
Examples of preemptive operating systems include AmigaOS, the Windows NT family (including XP and Vista), Linux, *BSD, OS/2 2.X - OS/2 Warp 3 - 4.5, Mac OS X and Windows 95/98/ME (32-bit applications only)[1]. Unix and Unix-based systems, and VMS, as well as other systems used in the academic and medium-to-large business markets, have always supported preemptive multitasking, but for a long time were beyond the reach of most users either because of the costs of licensing or the expensive hardware required to support them. Examples of older, non-preemptive (cooperative) operating systems include Windows 1.x, 2.x, 3.x, Windows for Workgroups, Windows 95/98 (when running 16-bit applications), NetWare, and Classic Mac OS versions (system 5.0 and up). Non-multitasking operating systems include older versions of Mac OS, MS DOS, and Commodore 64 OS which could only execute one program at a time. Amiga OS, based on the preemptive multitasking TRIPOS system, was the first such system widely available to home users (1985). Running on Motorola 68000-based Amiga systems without memory management, the system used dynamic loading of relocatable code blocks ("hunks" in Amiga jargon) to preemptively multitask all processes in the same flat address space. Early PC operating systems such as MS-DOS and DR-DOS, did not support multitasking at all. Novell NetWare, Microsoft Windows and OS/2 systems introduced cooperative multitasking to the PC, but did not support preemptive multitasking. In the case of the PC, the slow start was partly because of the need to support a large legacy code base of DOS software written to run in single-user mode on a 8086-based PC, whereas the Amiga system was designed to multitask from the beginning. The earliest version of Windows to support a limited form of preemptive multitasking was Windows 2.1x, which used the Intel 80386's Virtual 8086 mode to run DOS applications in virtual 8086 machines--commonly known as "DOS boxes"--which were preemptible. In Windows 95 and its successors, Windows 98 and Windows Me, 32-bit applications were made preemptible by running each one in a separate address space, but 16 bit applications remained cooperative. [1] Windows NT, which ran processes in a 32-bit paged address space from the outset, has always supported preemptive multitasking, and this has been inherited by the NT line of Windows systems, including Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Vista. Although there were plans to upgrade the cooperative multitasking Mac OS to a preemptive model (and a preemptive API did exist in Mac OS 9, although in a very limited sense[2] and rarely exploited), these were abandoned in favor of Mac OS X, a re-engineered system based on the BSD-derived Darwin kernel, which supports preemptive multitasking. OS/2 Warp, IBM's rewrite of an earlier IBM/Microsoft collaboration, OS/2, targeted at 386 systems, supported preemptive multitasking of native applications, and also permitted several different Windows sessions to be multitasked preemptively. Preemptive multitasking is a rare example of an advanced feature of the Amiga operating system which was not found on other desktops of a similar price range during the heyday of the Amiga. Unfortunately the company behind the Amiga, Commodore International, failed to recognise its potential in the business world and promoted it almost exclusively as a 'games machine' which hampered its acceptance in the business community, a grave tactical error. Very soon after the Commodore company crashed and the Amiga was left with no support. The Amiga OS was so good that various companies have bought the Amiga and to its credit, although it has never again become mainstream, it still has an active community15 years after the Commodore company went bankrupt.
How many data lines there in 8086?
There are 16 data lines in 8086.
How many interrupt lines does 8086 have?
8086 have 5 interrupt lines.
Which register can be changed directly using pop instruction in 8086?
stack segment register
Can you teach me assembly language programming with 8086 in detail?
No, you need a real teacher, and a textbook.
What is the SP pointing register's default memory segment?
The default segment for SP (Stack Pointer) relative memory accesses in the 8086/8088 is SS (Stack Segment).
How many memory address does this number of address lines allow the 8086 to access directly?
The 8086/8088 has 20 address lines. It can access 220, or 1MB, or 1,048,576 bytes of memory.
How many memory addresses does this number of address lines allow the 8086 to access directly?
The 8086/8088 has 20 address lines. It can access 220, or 1MB, or 1,048,576 bytes of memory.
How many base registers are there in 8086?
There are four base registers in the 8086/8088; Code Segment (CS), Data Segment (DS), Stack Segment (SS), and Extra Segment (ES).
What is the basic difference between instruction RET and IRET in 8086 microprocessor?
RET pops the PC off of the stack, while IRET pops both the flags and the PC off of the stack.
Write a sequence of instruction to exchange two register contents using stack in 8086 processor?
To exchange two registers, say the BX and CX registers, in the 8086 using the stack, you can use...PUSH BXPUSH CXPOP BXPOP CX... Of course, this is for 16 bit operation. If you want 8 bit operation, you will need to do more than that, because stack operations are always 16-bit operations.
How many multiplexed lines in 8086?
The address lines A0..A15 are multiplexed with the data lines D0..D15 on the pins AD0..AD15
How many Address line of 8085 microprocessor?
There are 20 address lines and 16 data lines in the 8086 microprocessor. The low order 16 address lines are multiplexed with the data lines. Some of the high order address lines are multiplexed with status lines.
