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¨ Five types

¤ Flavoproteins e.g NAD+/NADH

¤ Cytochromes e.g heme in hemoglobin

¤ Copper atoms Cu2+/Cu1+ in inner mitochondrial membrane

¤ Ubiquinone or coenzyme Q

¤ Iron-sulfur proteins Fe3+/Fe2+

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What is the carrier for energy and high energy electrons during glycolysis?

nadh!


What energy-carriers molecules are produced by glycolysis?

NADH and ATP


Which molecule are high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle ultimately transferred to?

High-energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle are ultimately transferred to oxygen molecules during oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain to produce ATP.


Are electron carrier and energy carrier the same thing?

Electron carriers and energy carriers are related but not the same. Electron carriers (such as NADH and FADH2) transfer electrons in biochemical reactions, while energy carriers (such as ATP) store and transfer energy for cellular processes. Electrons are involved in the flow of energy within cells, but energy carriers can involve other forms of energy besides electrons.


What transfers energy from glucose to other molecules during redox reactions in?

Electrons transfer energy from glucose to other molecules during redox reactions in cells.


How many molecules of water are made during glycolysis?

During glycolysis, no molecules of water are directly produced. However, two molecules of water are consumed in the process when glucose is converted into fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Overall, glycolysis primarily generates energy carriers, such as ATP and NADH, rather than water.


What is the origin of the H plus and electrons that are transferred to NAD plus?

The origin of H+ and electrons transferred to NAD+ during cellular respiration is from the breakdown of glucose in the process of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. These processes generate high-energy electrons that are carried by electron carriers like NADH to the electron transport chain, where they are used to create a proton gradient for ATP production.


The conversion of PGAL to pyruvate is accompanied by?

The conversion of PGAL to pyruvate is accompanied by the production of ATP molecules and the transfer of high-energy electrons to the electron carriers NAD+ and FADH2. This process occurs during glycolysis, a series of enzymatic reactions that breaks down glucose to produce energy for the cell.


Why are Electron carriers important in photosynthesis?

Electron carriers, such as NADP+ and ferredoxin, play a crucial role in photosynthesis by shuttling high-energy electrons during the light-dependent reactions. These carriers help to transfer electrons from water to generate ATP and NADPH, which are essential for the Calvin cycle to produce sugars. Overall, electron carriers facilitate the conversion of light energy into chemical energy that is used to drive the synthesis of organic molecules in plants.


What is the function of NAD plus glycolysis?

to accept high energy electrons


Most energy that enters electron transport enters as?

Most energy that enters the electron transport chain comes from the oxidation of glucose during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. This energy is then transferred to the electron carriers NADH and FADH2, which deliver the electrons to the electron transport chain to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.


What provides the initial energy to break down glucose during glycolysis?

Initially, the energy to break down glucose during glycolysis is provided by the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate. This reaction releases energy that drives the early steps of glycolysis.