Substrate-level phosphorylation
Pgal is synthesized during the calvin cycle
The source of energy for converting PGA (3-phosphoglycerate) into PGAL (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) is ATP (adenosine triphosphate). In the process of photosynthesis, ATP is utilized in the Calvin cycle to drive the conversion of PGA into PGAL. This conversion is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase while consuming ATP.
The steps of glycolysis that are irreversible are the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate by hexokinase, the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate by phosphofructokinase-1, and the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate by pyruvate kinase.
The steps in glycolysis that are irreversible are the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate by hexokinase, the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate by phosphofructokinase-1, and the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate by pyruvate kinase.
Acetyl CoA
substrate level phosphorylation
PGA,PGAL,Pyruvate
PGA (phosphoglyceric acid) is converted to PGAL (phosphoglyceraldehyde) through a series of enzymatic reactions during the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis. This conversion involves the reduction of PGA to PGAL using ATP and NADPH as energy sources. PGAL is then used to produce glucose and other carbohydrates in the plant cell.
Pgal is synthesized during the calvin cycle
pyruvate
....conversion of glucose to pyruvate.
The source of energy for converting PGA (3-phosphoglycerate) into PGAL (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) is ATP (adenosine triphosphate). In the process of photosynthesis, ATP is utilized in the Calvin cycle to drive the conversion of PGA into PGAL. This conversion is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase while consuming ATP.
glycolysis
The steps of glycolysis that are irreversible are the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate by hexokinase, the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate by phosphofructokinase-1, and the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate by pyruvate kinase.
The steps in glycolysis that are irreversible are the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate by hexokinase, the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate by phosphofructokinase-1, and the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate by pyruvate kinase.
The enzyme that converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA is pyruvate dehydrogenase. This multienzyme complex is responsible for catalyzing the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, which is a key step in the metabolism of carbohydrates to produce energy.
PGAL (phosphoglyceraldehyde) appears in the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis, where it is produced from the reduction of 3-phosphoglycerate. It is not directly involved in cellular respiration, but its further conversion to glucose and other carbohydrates in plants provides the energy source for respiration in both plants and animals.