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A perfect (or pure) dipole is the contrary to a 'physical' dipole. The Physical (electric) dipole consists of two equal and oppsite charges (+/-)q, separated by a finite, and well defined distance, d.

The perfect dipole is a model (or an approximation) for the physical dipole, where we say that d is ~equal to zero. This is legit when we observe the dipole (measure the electric field, E, or the potential, V) at distances, r, far greater than d, and simplifies our equations for E(r,t) and V(r,t).

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