The most frequently used term or phrase that is used to explain how the power of government is divided is "balance of power" OR "system of checks and balances".
These two phrases are very often to explain the overall system of the republic of United States.
ancient Rome had developed a system where power was shared among its branches of government. It was not perfect, however, for its time in ancient history it was a step toward a true republic.
Not long ago, this phrase could be found in some text books about the early US Constitution, "the first republic since Rome's republic".
A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units
The term "federalism" is also used to describe a system of government in which sovereignty is constitutionally divided between a central governing authority and constituent political units (such as states or provinces).
The term is referred to as 'Federalism'. The United States uses this practice, separating its federal, state, and local governments.
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Separation of Power
Power given by federal government
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Federalism is another term for the US as a republic. The Federal government is divided into three main branches, the legislative, executive and judicial branches. This so-called fragmentation was planned to prevent one branch to gain too much power over the other branches.
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Federal
The term that describes the government of the United States is "federal republic." This means that power is divided between a central government and individual states, while also being representative in nature, where officials are elected to represent the interests of the people. The U.S. Constitution outlines this structure, establishing a system of checks and balances among the three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial.