Classical conditioning is simply the pairing of two unrelated stimuli enough times so that both stimuli evoke the same response.
Example:
In Pavlov's famous experiment with dogs, he started with the information that dogs would salivate when presented with food, but would not salivate at the sound of a bell. However, after numerous pairings of ringing the bell when the dogs were given food eventually the dogs salivated at the sound of the bell alone. We would say the dogs had been (classically) conditioned to salivate at the sound of the bell.
Also kwnas Classical conditioning.
Classical Conditioning?
In classical conditioning, an unlearned inborn reaction to an unconditioned stimulus is called an unconditioned response. This natural response occurs automatically without any learning involved.
Robert Rescorla and Allan Wagner proposed the contingency theory for classical conditioning. This theory suggests that learning occurs when there is a predictive relationship between a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus.
Involuntary conditioning is associated with classical conditioning, while voluntary conditioning is associated with operant conditioning. Classical conditioning involves learning by association between stimuli, while operant conditioning involves learning by reinforcement or punishment of behaviors.
Rescorla
Also kwnas Classical conditioning.
Classical Conditioning?
Explain Classical Conditioning Theory?
Elicited in classical conditioning refers to the automatic or reflexive response that is triggered by a specific stimulus. It is a natural reaction that occurs without any conscious effort or awareness from the individual.
Robert Rescorla and Allan Wagner proposed the contingency theory for classical conditioning. This theory suggests that learning occurs when there is a predictive relationship between a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus.
In classical conditioning, an unlearned inborn reaction to an unconditioned stimulus is called an unconditioned response. This natural response occurs automatically without any learning involved.
Involuntary conditioning is associated with classical conditioning, while voluntary conditioning is associated with operant conditioning. Classical conditioning involves learning by association between stimuli, while operant conditioning involves learning by reinforcement or punishment of behaviors.
Probably because it was the first kind of conditioning to be demonstrated and studied. See Pavlov As eluded to above, classical conditioning is called such because it was the first kind of conditioning to be studied and demonstrated. However, the term "classical" also is used to differentiate this type of conditioning from "Operant Conditioning" which was first demonstrated by B.F. Skinner.
Joseph Wolpe's proposed theory based on classical conditioning explain's the classical conditioning theory is linked with phobias.
Pavlov's theory of classical conditioning can be tested by conducting experiments where a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus to create a conditioned response. Researchers can manipulate the timing, intensity, and frequency of the stimuli to observe how conditioning occurs. They can also test for factors such as generalization, extinction, and spontaneous recovery to further understand the principles of classical conditioning.
classical conditioning is likely to arise in the counsellng situation because the client's behaviour may be trigered by anticedent conditioning or the enviroments.