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Second-order conditioning.
The purpose of conditioned response is to establish an automatic reaction to a specific stimulus through repeated pairing of that stimulus with another one that naturally elicits the desired response. This helps organisms adapt and respond quickly to certain environmental cues or triggers.
The conditioned stimulus in Pavlov's study on dogs was the bell. Initially, the bell had no effect on the dogs' salivation response, but after being repeatedly paired with the presentation of food (the unconditioned stimulus), the dogs started to salivate in response to the bell alone.
The Perky effect refers to a phenomenon where a given stimulus appears larger when presented alongside a smaller stimulus but smaller when presented alongside a larger stimulus, even though its physical size remains the same. This effect highlights how our perception of an object's size can be influenced by the context in which it is presented.
Stimulus generalization occurs when a response is elicited by a similar stimulus to the one originally paired with a certain response. Stimulus discrimination involves responding differently to similar stimuli based on learned associations or cues.
Negative feedback is the response in which a stimulus initiates actions that reverse or reduce the original stimulus. It helps maintain stability or homeostasis in a system by dampening the effect of a change and bringing the system back to its set point.
The established conditioned reflexes can be inhibited by some factors. The inhibition is of two types. External or indirect inhibition Internal or direct inhibition External or indirect inhibitionThe established conditioned reflex is inhibited by some form of stimulus, which is quite different from the conditioned stimulus. It is not related to conditioned stimulus. For example, some disturbing factors like sudden entrance of a stranger, sudden noise, or a strong smell can abolish the conditioned reflex and inhibit salivary secretion. The extra stimulus evokes the animal's curiosity and distracts the attention. According to Pavlov, this evokes an investigatory reflex. If the extra (inhibitory) stimulus is repeated for some time, its inhibitory effect gets weakened or abolished. Internal or direct inhibition There are four ways in which, the established conditioned reflex is abolished by direct or internal factors, which are related to the conditioned stimulus.
No, stimulus is the cause and response is the effect. In feeding an animal, giving it food is the stimulus and it eating the food is the response.
Some of the effects of the government stimulus in 2009 include a stronger economy, rise in jobs and incomes as well as record high corporate profits,
Priming effect refers to the phenomenon where exposure to a stimulus influences how a person responds to a later stimulus, even if they are unrelated. This can manifest in various ways, such as influencing attitudes, judgments, or behaviors without conscious awareness. Priming can affect decision-making, memory retrieval, and various cognitive processes.
Stimulus generalization occurs when a response is elicited by a similar stimulus to the one originally paired with a certain response. Stimulus discrimination involves responding differently to similar stimuli based on learned associations or cues.
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enhance the contrast and sharpen the perception of edges in visual processing. This process helps to enhance our ability to differentiate between different levels of lightness and darkness, leading to improved visual acuity.
The purpose of conditioned response is to establish an automatic reaction to a specific stimulus through repeated pairing of that stimulus with another one that naturally elicits the desired response. This helps organisms adapt and respond quickly to certain environmental cues or triggers.
In a negative feedback loop, the output of the system decreases the intensity of the stimulus.
Anneliese M. Kraiger has written: 'The effect of varied pre-trial footshock on a one-trial conditioned emotional response' -- subject(s): Rats, Conditioned response, Behavior, Emotional conditioning
Psychological impact refers to the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral effects that a particular event, situation, or experience has on an individual's mental well-being. It can include feelings of stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, or other mental health issues.