from A Catholic Dictionary, edited by Donald Attwater, Second edition, revised 1957The Counter-Reformation is the name given to the Catholic movement of reform and activity which lasted for about one hundred years from the beginning of the Council of Trent (q.v., 1545), and was the belated answer to the threatening confusion and increasing attacks of the previous years. It was the work principally of the Popes St. Pius V and Gregory XIII and the Council itself in the sphere of authority, of SS. Philip Neri and Charles Borromeo in the reform of the clergy and of life, of St. Ignatius and the Jesuits in apostolic activity of St. Francis Xavier in foreign missions, and of St. Teresa in the purely contemplative life which lies behind them all. But these were not the only names nor was it a movement of a few only; the whole Church emerged from the 15th century purified and revivified. On the other hand, it was a reformation rather than a restoration; the unity of western Christendom was destroyed; the Church militant (those still on earth) led by the Company of Jesus adopted offence as the best means of defence and, though she gained as much as she lost in some sense, the Church did not recover the exercise of her former spiritual supremacy in actuality
from
Modern Catholic Dictionary by John A. Hardon, S.J. Doubleday & Co., Inc. Garden City, NY 1980
A period of Catholic revival from 1522 to about 1648, better know as the Catholic Reform. It was an effort to stem the tide of Protestantism by genuine reform within the Catholic Church. There were political movements pressured by civil rules, and ecclesiastical movements carried out by churchmen in an attempt to restore genuine Catholic life by establishing new religious orders such as the Society of Jesus and restoring old orders to their original observances, such as the Carmelites under St. Teresa of Avila (1515-98). The main factors responsible for the Counter Reformation, however, were the papacy and the council of Trent (1545-63). Among church leaders St. Charles Borromeo (1538-84), Archbishop of Milan, enforced the reforms decreed by the council, and St. Francis de Sales of Geneva (1567-1622) spent his best energies in restoring genuine Catholic doctrine and piety. Among civil rulers sponsoring the needed reform were Philip II of Spain (1527-98) and Mary Tudor (1516-58), his wife, in England. Unfortunately this aspect of the reformation led to embitterment between England and Scotland, England and Spain, Poland and Sweden, and to almost two centuries of religious wars. As a result of the Counter Reformation, the Catholic Church became stronger in her institutional structure, more dedicated to the work of evangelization, and more influential in world affairs.
Protestans who wanted to reform the Anglican Church were called Puritans
church leaders
No. Congregation is the group of people that meet at Church for Mass.
Sorry, you are going to have to be a whole lot more specific, there have been 21 Ecumenical Councils who have discussed Church reform over the centuries, and innumerable local Councils, plus the Roman Curia.
The Evangelicals might be the group you're looking for.
The group that wanted to leave the Church of England were the Separatists.
Nonseparating Puritans were included with the people that hoped to reform the Church of England. Moderate Puritans were also part of the group hoping to reform the church.
Anumber of years after Jesus died, the Christian church became divided. One group wanted to follow emperor Constantine's teachings, as he was the Holy Roman Emperor. Others wanted to follow St Paul's teachings, even though they were quite "out there" compared to Peter's and James's teaching. The church that wanted to stay with the traditional teachings were in what is now Turkey, the main city of which was Byzantium. The other group, based in Rome were called Roman catholic christians. The word 'catholic' means "all-inclusive", and they became the Roman Catholic Church. The other group became known as the Byzantines. This group became the Greek Orthodox Church, the Russian Orthodox Church, and so on. Most of the mainstream Protestant churches call themselves catholic, lower case "c", in the sense of being all-unclusive, but are not Catholics, as in Roman.
The Protestants wanted to remove all Catholic influences from the Church of England, particularly the Puritans. The first Protestant king was King Edward VI. He was very anti-Catholic. This lead to conflict with his Catholic half-sister and heir, Mary. Mary had been born before their father, King Henry VIII had broken away from the Roman Catholic Church and had been brought up Catholic. Edward on the other hand was brought up in King Henry's Church of England.
The Roman Catholic Church is the largest group of Christians in the world.
They are leaders of the catholic church.The Catholic Church
Mugwumps- Reformers. A group of reformers who wanted civil service reform.