Jews have never been a distinct race, this being said, ancient Jews were Caucasian. Caucasian referring to people indigenous to Europe, Northern Africa, Western Asian (Middle East), and India.
There is a lot of confusion regarding the term 'Semitic'. Semitic is a linguistic sub-group referring to the different Semitic languages found in the Middle East and Northern Africa.
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All of the Israelites were (and are) Semitic.
The Torah speaks of three branches of post-Flood mankind: Yefet (Jafeth), Ham, and Shem (the three sons of Noah; Genesis ch.10).
The children of Yefet are (broadly speaking) the Europeans (Caucasians).
The children of Ham include the ancient Egyptians, Canaanites, Nubians, Bantu (and sub-Saharan Africans in general), and many far-flung peoples.
The children of Shem include the ancient Assyrians, Elamites, Arameans, Lyddians, and other Semitic peoples. One group of Semites gave rise to the Arabs, Hebrews, Moabites, Ammonites, Edumeans and others.
All of the Israelites were (and are) Semitic.
The Torah speaks of three branches of post-Flood mankind: Yefet (Jafeth), Ham, and Shem (the three sons of Noah; Genesis ch.10).
The children of Yefet are (broadly speaking) the Europeans (Caucasians).
The children of Ham include the ancient Egyptians, Canaanites, Nubians, Bantu (and sub-Saharan Africans in general), and many far-flung peoples.
The children of Shem include the ancient Assyrians, Elamites, Arameans, Lyddians, and other Semitic peoples. One group of Semites gave rise to the Arabs, Hebrews, Moabites, Ammonites, Edumeans and others.
Though technically "Hebrews" includes all descendants of Eber (an early Semite; see Genesis ch.10-11), today the term is usually used to mean those who would later be called Israelites.
Note that all Israelites are the children of Jacob, grandson of Abraham. See also the Related Links.
The twelve tribes were all Hebrew people, ethnically - or racially - West Semitic.