There was not just one war between Catholics and protestants over religion, there were many over a long period of time in different countries, so you would have to be more specific to get any kind of meaningful answer.
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Wikipedia lists the following as connected directly to the protestant revolt:
Conflicts immediately connected with the "Reformation" of the 1520s to 1540s:
The German Peasants' War (1524-1525)
The battle of Kappel in Switzerland (1531)
The Schmalkaldic War (1546-1547) in the Holy Roman Empire
The Eighty Years' War (1568-1648) in the Low Countries
The French Wars of Religion (1562-1598)
The Thirty Years War (1618-1648), affecting the Holy Roman Empire including Habsburg Austria and Bohemia, France, Denmark and Sweden
The Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639-1651), affecting England, Scotland and Ireland
Scottish Reformation and Civil Wars
English Reformation and Civil War
Irish Confederate Wars and the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland
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Although later wars such as the Nine Years' War (1688-97) had a religious component that was important locally in some arenas, they were more fundamentally undertaken for political reasons, with coalitions forming across religious divisions. Purely political motivations, and cross-religious alliances were also significant in many of the earlier wars.
The 30 year war that sharply divided Protestant and Catholic States. The Catholic Church retained much of its influence in the Catholic States, but lost all influence in the States that declared themselves Protestant.
The last great religious war was the Thirty Years War, fought between Catholic countries and Protestant countries (and France, who sided with Protestants for political reasons). It started in 1618 and ended in 1648, and was fought mostly in and around the area of modern Germany.
The Roman Emperor went to war against the protestant German princes because they were protestant. They wanted all Catholic Church in Europe to become Catholic once again.
Lerond Curry has written: 'Protestant-Catholic relations in America, World War I through Vatican II' -- subject(s): Catholic Church, Protestant churches, Relations, Religion 'Protestant-Catholic relations in America' -- subject(s): Catholic Church, Protestant churches, Relations, Religion
According to a book called "cooperation under anarchy". It talks about thousands of priests and nuns mobilizing under Protestant Germany, Catholic Austria, Orthodox Bulgaria and Moslem Turkey. On the other were Protestant Britain, Catholic France and Italy, and Orthodox Russia. They fought both sides.
The Roman Emperor went to war against the protestant German princes because they were protestant. They wanted all Catholic Church in Europe to become Catholic once again.
The Thirty Years War in Europe was fought in the years of 1618 to 1648. This war was the bloodiest one ever seen in Europe up until that time. The war's issue originated as a religious conflict between Catholic & Protestant rulers. The Protestant military leader was Gustavus Adolphus, the King of Sweden. The Hapsburg kings of Austrialed the Catholic forces throughout the war. In the final stages of this long war, the Catholic Bourbon rulers of France opposed the the Hapsburg rulers of Austria & Spain.The Bourbons, although Catholics, saw an opportunity to gain more power by supporting the Protestant forces. Now the issues were control of territory not so much as a religious issue.The 30 Years war was fought mainly on German territoryFinally, in 1648 a treaty was devised to end the war. The Treaty of Westphalia, created the following:1. France remained Catholic and gained most of the territory known as Alsace;2. Sweden remained Protestant and gained territory in Northern Germany;3. Catholic & Protestant rulers in the rest of Germany gained the right to determine the religion of the people they ruled ( Protestants were at this point in time in Europe were either Lutheran or Calvinist ); and4. Protestant Holland & Switzerlandrecieved recognition as independent countries.
Simply because they were protestant, and the Holy Catholic Church wanted all of Europe to become Catholic once again.
The Hundred Year's War was mostly fought in France. It went from 1337 to 1453.
World War I was fought between 1914 and 1918.
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