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What was the result of the 2004 case that argued the phrase under God in the Pledge of Allegiance violated the First Amendment?
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∙ 10y ago
Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow
Wiki User
∙ 10y ago
The Supreme Court ruled in 2004 that the phrase "under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance did not violate the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment because it served a secular purpose and did not establish a religion.
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Who were the opponents of Gnosticism?
The opponents of Gnosticism were primarily early Christian leaders and theologians, such as Irenaeus and Tertullian. They argued against Gnosticism's belief in secret knowledge and its rejection of the material world, emphasizing instead the importance of orthodox Christian doctrine and the belief in a loving creator God.
According to Weber which religion was a necessary condition for the development of capitalism?
Max Weber argued that Protestantism, particularly the Calvinist branch, was a necessary condition for the development of capitalism. He believed that the Calvinist emphasis on hard work, discipline, and frugality contributed to the growth of capitalist economies in Western Europe.
What did Deists argue?
Deists argued that God created the universe but does not intervene in human affairs through miracles or revelations. They believed that reason and natural law were sufficient for understanding the world and living a moral life. Deists rejected organized religion and emphasized individual moral responsibility.
Who proposed the idea involving a distinction between the spiritual mind and the physical body?
René Descartes proposed the idea of a distinction between the spiritual mind and the physical body in his work "Meditations on First Philosophy". He argued that the mind and body are separate entities, with the mind being immaterial and capable of existing independently of the body.
What argument used to justify slavery appealed to peoples relgious beliefs?
Some people used passages from the Bible that seemed to support the idea of slavery, such as references to servants obeying their masters. They argued that slavery was a natural social order ordained by God, and that slaves had a duty to serve their masters. This interpretation helped justify the brutal exploitation and dehumanization of enslaved individuals.
Thurgood Marshall argued that segregated schools violated what amendment?
Segregation violated the Equal Protection Clause in the Fourteenth Amendment.
Which Amendment is said to be violated by the institution of separate but equal?
The "separate but equal" doctrine is most often held to violate the Fourteenth Amendment, but many have argued it also violates the Thirteenth Amendment by "applying the badge of slavery" to those targeted by segregation laws.
Did prohibition violate the first amendment?
It could be argued that prohibition violated the freedom of religion guaranteed by the First Amendment. However, according to multiple state supreme court decisions going back to 1855, prohibition laws were a violation of the US Constitution. This is why The 18th Amendment needed to be written to enact prohibition.
Why did the British argue that the banning of the opium trade by Chinese authorities in 1839 was wrong because it violated?
The British argued that the banning of the opium trade by Chinese authorities in 1839 was wrong because it violated the idea of freedom of commerce. They also argued that it violated the rights of Chinese citizens to do as they pleased.
What was the ERA that Americans argued about in the early 1980s?
the Equal Rights Amendment
Business owners in the 1900s argued that laws restricting child labor were unconstitutional because?
Such Legislation Violated the right of free contract (:
Thomas Jefferson argued that the First Amendment created a wall of separation between?
He argued for a wall of separation between church and state in light of the Establishment Clause.
The English philosopher John Locke argued that life liberty and property are?
John Locke believed that everyone had the natural right to life, liberty, and property. He argued that people had the right to rebel if these rights were violated by the government.
Why did Justice Black write a dissenting opinion in Katz v. United States?
Justice Black wrote a dissent because he disagreed with the majority opinion.In Katz, the majority changed how the Fourth Amendment was interpreted. Prior to Katz a physical intrusion into some protected space was required before the Fourth Amendment was violated. In Katz, the police had bugged an enclosed phone booth in such a way that there was no physical intrusion, but they could overhear what Mr. Katz was saying inside the booth. The majority ruled that the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places. They ruled that Mr. Katz had a "reasonable expectation of privacy" inside the enclosed phone booth; and that the Fourth Amendment had been violated since the police did not have a search warrant.Justice Black argued that the Fourth Amendment was designed to protect physical things (viz. "persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures"), not a nebulous concept of privacy. He argued that no "search" or "seizure" had occurred when the police listened to and recorded the telephone conversation.The citation is Katz v. United States, 389 US 347 (1967).
What rights did John C. Calhon argue that tariffs violated?
John C. Calhoun argued that the tariffs violated equal rights. According to his perspective, tariffs not only favored the northern states, but also harmed the southern states. Imported goods hurt the income of all people in South Carolina. As far as Calhoun was concerned, helping support the northern industrial base was not the purpose of the federal government.
How did Roosevelt react to the creation of the Northern Securities Company?
President Roosevelt reacted to the creation of the Northern Securities Company by suing them. He wanted the company to be dissolved and argued that it violated antitrust laws.
During the late 1800s and the early 1900s women argued that the fourteenth amendment gave them right to?
give them the right to voteIn other words: VOTE!
