Where did Genesis take place?

Answer 1

In the Middle East.
Tradition states that Abraham founded Judaism. The Kuzari (Rabbi Judah HaLevi, 1075-1141) states that Abraham was gifted with high intelligence; and, as Maimonides (1135-1204) describes, Abraham didn't blindly accept the ubiquitous idolatry. The whole populace had been duped, but the young Abraham contemplated the matter relentlessly, finally arriving at the conclusion that there is One God and that this should be taught to others as well. This is what is meant by his "calling out in the name of the Lord" (Genesis ch.12). As a young man, he remonstrated with passersby in public, demonstrating to them the falsehood of their idols; and our tradition tells how he was threatened and endangered by Nimrod.
Subsequently, his father Terah relocated to Harran; and it is here that Abraham began to develop a circle of disciples (Rashi commentary, on Genesis 12:5). Later, God told Abraham in prophecy to move to the Holy Land, which is where he raised his family. He continued his contemplations, eventually arriving at the attitudes and forms of behavior which God later incorporated into the Torah given to Moses.
All of the above places are in the ancient Fertile Crescent.

Answer 2

Genesis takes place in the region of Mesopotamia, which is known as the cradle of civilization. Specifically, the events in Genesis are thought to have occurred in the ancient city-states of Sumer, such as Ur and Babylon.

Answer 3

Genesis is the story of the beginning of the Earth. The word "genesis" actually means "the beginning." Nothing in Genesis itself really gives a clue as to where it takes place until post-flood where we can begin to identify known places such as Ur from which Abram came, as well as Egypt where he later went temporarily and Jacob permanently.

Answer 4

Judaism was founded by Abraham in the Fertile Crescent.
Abraham (18th century BCE) was born in Ur (Mesopotamia; now Iraq), where he first repudiated idolatry. He then sojourned in Harran (Syria) for several years, and then lived most of his life in Canaan (Israel).
It was in Canaan that Abraham lived most of his life, made a covenant with God (Genesis ch.15), and raised a family to be the center of carrying on his traditions (Genesis 18:19).

All of the above places are in the ancient Fertile Crescent.

See also the Related Links.Link: Where did the Jews come from?
Link: How Judaism was founded

Link: Archaeology and the Hebrew Bible