Federation in Australia in 1901 had significant implications for Indigenous people and Chinese immigrants. For Indigenous Australians, it resulted in a marginalization of their rights and recognition, as the new Constitution excluded them from citizenship and their rights were largely ignored. For Chinese immigrants, Federation solidified policies like the White Australia Policy, which aimed to limit non-European Immigration and fostered discrimination, effectively restricting the rights and opportunities for Chinese communities in Australia. Overall, both groups faced increased marginalization and exclusion in the newly federated nation.
To swamp the Tibetans out of a viable position in their own country. The same as immigrants in Australia swamp the aboriginal.
The Federation of Australia in 1901 had a limited and often negative impact on the rights of Aborigines. While it established a national government, it did not recognize Indigenous Australians as citizens, effectively excluding them from the rights and benefits afforded to other Australians. The new Constitution specifically allowed for discriminatory laws against Aboriginal people, leading to further marginalization and loss of rights. This period marked a continuation of policies that oppressed Indigenous communities rather than advancing their rights or status.
Iris Chang wrote "The Chinese in America: A Narrative History" to highlight the contributions and struggles of Chinese immigrants in American history, including their involvement in building the transcontinental railroad. Chang explored the challenges faced by Chinese laborers and their impact on shaping American infrastructure.
chinese alone
The Chinese were excluded from entering America in 1882 primarily due to rising anti-Chinese sentiment fueled by economic competition and racial prejudice. Many American workers blamed Chinese immigrants for lowering wages and taking jobs, particularly in the western states. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was the first significant law to restrict immigration based on nationality, reflecting broader nativist attitudes and fears about the impact of Chinese labor on American society. This legislation marked a pivotal moment in U.S. immigration policy, leading to further restrictions on Asian immigrants in subsequent years.
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The term "red Indians" is considered outdated and offensive; it is more appropriate to refer to Indigenous peoples of the Americas. The impact of European colonization on Indigenous populations was devastating, with millions of Indigenous people dying due to violence, disease, and displacement. Estimates of the death toll vary widely, with some suggesting that up to 90% of the Indigenous population in some areas was lost due to the consequences of colonization. However, exact numbers are difficult to ascertain due to the lack of reliable historical records.
the portuguese
California is America's most industrialized, successful, and populated state (35 million people); while living in or visiting California, and driving through out the massive Sacramento Valley (the south end of this valley is called the San Joaquin Valley, but it's all the same geographically-from Redding to Gorman's Pass); notice the countless rivers and creeks flowing EVERYWHERE...those are all diked...channeled by levies. Those were originally built by Chinese workers. The Union Pacific Railroad that goes from California to Promontory Point in Utah was primarily built by the Chinese in 1869. The Irish immigrants built the eastern portion which connected the two at that point.
The Homestead Act of 1862 provided opportunities for Irish and Chinese immigrants to acquire land in the United States, promoting westward expansion and settlement. For the Irish, it presented a chance to escape poverty and discrimination in urban areas, allowing them to establish farms and communities. The Chinese, often working on railroads, faced significant barriers in land ownership due to racial discrimination, but some were able to benefit from the act, contributing to agricultural development in the West. Overall, while the act offered potential for land ownership, systemic racism limited its benefits for Chinese immigrants.
jewish
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