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Albert Einstein
Includes questions about the life and works of physicist Albert Einstein.
5,059 Questions
Actually Einstein was not very poor but for the sake of inspiration some teachers spell that Einstein is poor and cant even afford to buy a paper bla bla bla but actually Einstein was of middle class family who tried to gain money in business and some business was a success while the other was a failure and so i finally conclude that Einstein belonged to a middle class family
Did people believe albert Einstein's theory of relativity was true?
Basically yes. The theory was so revolutionary that some people had a hard time believing it, but as experiments were done, it became almost a certainty. A word here about believing stuff in science. The non-scientific public believes that scientists have some invenstment in a particular point of view. For example, scientist believe that there are no Trilobytes alive today, since none has been seen for 250 million years. If one were found alive in the deep trenches off some island: The general public would believe that scientists would suffer a collapse of their faith. Scientists would say "COOL...", because faith is NEVER the issue, and new discoveries that shake up the field are welcomed. Is "Global Warming" caused by humans "real"? Maybe, probably, but no scientist would care to vote on it. Should SOMETHING be done? That's not a scientific question. Was Relativity "true". It really looks that way. No scientist would use the word "true".
What is the meaning of Einstein's equation E equals MC squared?
Einstein's famous equation E = mc2 shows that energy (E) and matter (m) can be converted into each other. This means that a certain amount of matter (atoms etc) can be completely converted into energy. This happens all of the time in the interior of stars which produce their energy (heat and light) by nuclear fusion, using up the matter of which they are made. Mass to energy conversion also happens in atomic and hydrogen bombs and in nuclear power stations. Similarly, pure energy can be converted into matter. In theory this happened most significantly in a big bang at the origin of the universe. It also happens in "atom smashers" where subatomic particles are accelerated to very high speeds and allowed to collide with each other. The high speed of the collision produces a large amount of energy, some of which can be converted into new particles of matter. The large size of the speed of light, and the fact that it is squared, means that a tiny amount of matter can release very large amounts of energy. See http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/einstein/legacy.html http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/greene05/greene05_index.html E=mc2 says that energy and mass are the same basic stuff, and that mass "m" can be converted to energy "E" and you wind up with a huge amount of it. This is what makes stars light. "c" is " the velocity of light in a vacuum" which is approximately 300,000 kilometres per second, making c2, a gigantic number, (approx.90,000,000,000). For example if energy is in Joules, and mass in kilograms, then the factor c2 is 1016(m2/s2). Consideration of the essential unity of matter and energy, of space and time, and of the forces of gravitation and acceleration, give rise to expectations of their properties existing in equilibrium, at both quantum and relativistic stages. As the quantum theory applies to the very small, so the relativity theory applies to the very large, and both, according to Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity,published in 1905, give substance to the idea also touched on by Newton, that no particular object in the universe is suitable as an absolute frame of reference which is at rest with respect to space.Thus it is that any object, such as a chosen position in the solar system, can be used be used to determine the motion of any other object; as all motion is relative. Without reference to the place where an event happens it is not possible to specify uniquely the time when an event happens.When attention is moved from terrestrial to astronomical phenomena, any assumption that the observed motion of an object at a given velocity is unaffected by the velocity of light is dispelled by what is known as the beta factor. (If a space ship was travelling faster than light its true position would be invisible.) In 1915 Einstein developed the Theory of General Relativity in which he considered objects accelerated with respect to one another, using the Principle of Equivalenceto resolve any apparent conflict between laws of relativity and laws of gravity. Given that a quantifiable mass multiplied by squared light velocity is in equilibrium with the energy available from that quantity of mass, it holds that forces produced by gravity (giving rise to the weight of mass) are in every way equivalent to forces produced by acceleration (giving rise to the change of velocity of mass). Newton's hypothesis that every object attracts every other object in direct proportion to its mass, was replaced by the hypothesis that the space-time continuum is curved in the neighbourhood of massive objects, therefore producing fields where gravity and acceleration are equivalent. With matter and energy, space and time, gravitation and acceleration, it really is a question of balance!
On 17 April 1955, Albert Einstein experienced internal bleeding caused by the rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, which had previously been reinforced surgically by Dr. Rudolph Nissen in 1948. He took the draft of a speech he was preparing for a television appearance commemorating the State of Israel's seventh anniversary with him to the hospital, but he did not live long enough to complete it.
What was Albert Einstein's parent's occupations?
I do know that his father was an unsuccessful business man I don't know about his mother though you maybe able to Google it.
How did Albert Einstein contributed on making the atomic bomb?
Albert Einstein did not directly contribute to making the atomic bomb. However, his famous equation, E=mc^2, which describes the relationship between mass and energy, laid the theoretical foundation for the development of atomic weapons. Einstein urged the United States government to research atomic energy and warned them of the potential dangers of nuclear weapons.
What tools did Einstein have available to complete his experiments with?
Einstein used a pen and paper, or chalkboard. He was a theoretical physicist. Experimental physicists run experiments.
What did Albert Einstein like to do?
when albert Einstein had spear time he loved best to play with his neice cescillia gunder
Who was Albert Einstein married to?
Albert Einstein was married twice. His first marriage to Mileva Maric lasted from January 1903 until their divorce in February 1919. His second marriage to Elsa Lowenthal lasted from June 1919 until Elsa's death in December 1936.
Albert Einstein married Mileva Maric in 1903, had 1 daughter and 2 sons, and divorced in 1919 and in the same year married his cousin. who died in 1936.
Yes albert Einstein did have kids
Hans Albert
Eduard
And his step Daughter
Margrot
Albert Einstein was influenced by several scientists and philosophers, including Max Planck, Ernst Mach, and Isaac Newton. Planck's work on quantum theory and Mach's ideas on philosophical positivism both had a significant impact on Einstein's thinking, while Newton's laws of motion laid the foundation for Einstein's theory of relativity.
How long did Albert Einstein go to school for?
Albert Einstein only went to a formal school for eight years, but later served five years of college
Does Albert Einstein had a brother or a sister?
No Albert Einstein did not have brothers
Alberts younger sister Maria,albert's dad Hermman ,and his mother Pauline
What schools did Albert Einstein attend?
Albert Einstein first began Luitpold Gymnasium, he continued his education at the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich.
Where did Albert Einstein live in the U.S.?
Albert Einstein finished out his years at Princeton in New Jersey. He died at the hospital there on April 18, 1955.
How did Albert Einstein contribute to math?
From an early age Albert Einstein was extremely clever in all things mathematical. Before he was 15 he had an excellent grasp of even such matters as calculus (a form of mathematics that uses symbols to represent change and limits to change).
In due course he developed the practice of imaginingphysical events, and then he devised ways of expressing those ideas using calculus. His theory of relativity uses the symbols and methodology of differential calculus, thereby showing that the complexities and wonders of light, gravity, time and the universe can be expressed in mathematical terms.
Einstein's works regarding the mathematics of the physics of gravity, and the relationships between matter, momentum and time, still stand as a testimony to the value of mathematics in being able to portray and explain complex physical realities.
For example, his theory of relativity and his mathematical formula E=mc2 show how energy and mass have a direct and equivalent relationship with each other, i.e. that mass can be converted into energy, and that the resulting energy would be directly and mathematically proportionate to the total mass.
Taking Einstein's work a stage further, he showed how mathematics can be used in a predictive way, with a very high degree of accuracy. His works are fundamental to space science and our understanding of the movements of planets, stars and galaxies over time.
Development of the mathematics of Einstein's general theory of relativity led scientists to predict the existence of black holes in outer space, which subsequent analysis of space research data seems to confirm.
The fact that Einstein's mathematical theories have been invaluable in expanding the field of space research has moved many scientists to continue in mathematics where Einstein left off, and that enthusiasm for mathematics, i.e. for what they can do and how they can be improved, has motivated and inspired many students and scientists to continue in their endeavours to discover and express in mathematical terms the fundamental truth's about matter, life, the universe and everything.
What did Albert Einstein do to help?
He invented atomic power He came up with the theory of Relativity. He came up with the theory of Gravity. He had all these equations like E=mc2
When did Albert Einstein live and where?
Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, in the Kingdom of Württemberg in the German Empire on 14 March 1879. His father was Hermann Einstein, a salesman and engineer. His mother was Pauline Einstein (née Koch). In 1880, the family moved to Munich, where his father and his uncle founded Elektrotechnische Fabrik J. Einstein & Cie, a company that manufactured electrical equipment based on direct current. Albert Einstein in 1893 (age 14).
The Einsteins were non-observant Jews. Their son attended a Catholic elementary school from the age of five until ten. Although Einstein had early speech difficulties, he was a top student in elementary school. As he grew, Einstein built models and mechanical devices for fun and began to show a talent for mathematics. In 1889 Max Talmud (later changed to Max Talmey) introduced the ten-year old Einstein to key texts in science, mathematics and philosophy, including Kant's Critique of Pure Reason and Euclid's Elements (which Einstein called the "holy little geometry book"). Talmud was a poor Jewish medical student from Poland. The Jewish community arranged for Talmud to take meals with the Einsteins each week on Thursdays for six years. During this time Talmud wholeheartedly guided Einstein through many secular educational interests.
In 1894, his father's company failed: Direct current (DC) lost the War of Currents to alternating current (AC). In search of business, the Einstein family moved to Italy, first to Milan and then, a few months later, to Pavia. When the family moved to Pavia, Einstein stayed in Munich to finish his studies at the Luitpold Gymnasium. His father intended for him to pursue electrical engineering, but Einstein clashed with authorities and resented the school's regimen and teaching method. He later wrote that the spirit of learning and creative thought were lost in strict rote learning. In the spring of 1895, he withdrew to join his family in Pavia, convincing the school to let him go by using a doctor's note. During this time, Einstein wrote his first scientific work, "The Investigation of the State of Aether in Magnetic Fields".
Einstein applied directly to the Eidgenössische Polytechnische Schule (ETH) in Zürich, Switzerland. Lacking the requisite Matura certificate, he took an entrance examination, which he failed, although he got exceptional marks in mathematics and physics. The Einsteins sent Albert to Aarau, in northern Switzerland to finish secondary school. While lodging with the family of Professor Jost Winteler, he fell in love with the family's daughter, Marie. (His sister Maja later married the Winteler son, Paul.) In Aarau, Einstein studied Maxwell's electromagnetic theory. At age 17, he graduated, and, with his father's approval, renounced his citizenship in the German Kingdom of Württemberg to avoid military service, and enrolled in 1896 in the mathematics and physics program at the Polytechnic in Zurich. Marie Winteler moved to Olsberg, Switzerland for a teaching post.
In the same year, Einstein's future wife, Mileva Marić, also entered the Polytechnic to study mathematics and physics, the only woman in the academic cohort. Over the next few years, Einstein and Marić's friendship developed into romance. In a letter to her, Einstein called Marić "a creature who is my equal and who is as strong and independent as I am." Einstein graduated in 1900 from the Polytechnic with a diploma in mathematics and physics; Although historians have debated whether Marić influenced Einstein's work, the majority of academic historians of science agree that she did not.
Marriages and childrenIn early 1902, Einstein and Mileva Marić had a daughter they named Lieserl in their correspondence, who was born in Novi Sad where Marić's parents lived. Her full name is not known, and her fate is uncertain after 1903.
Einstein and Marić married in January 1903. In May 1904, the couple's first son, Hans Albert Einstein, was born in Bern, Switzerland. Their second son, Eduard, was born in Zurich in July 1910. In 1914, Einstein moved to Berlin, while his wife remained in Zurich with their sons. Marić and Einstein divorced on 14 February 1919, having lived apart for five years.
Einstein married Elsa Löwenthal (née Einstein) on 2 June 1919, after having had a relationship with her since 1912. She was his first cousin maternally and his second cousin paternally. In 1933, they emigrated permanently to the United States. In 1935, Elsa Einstein was diagnosed with heart and kidney problems and died in December 1936.
Patent officeLeft to right: Conrad Habicht, Maurice Solovine and Einstein, who founded the Olympia AcademyAfter graduating, Einstein spent almost two frustrating years searching for a teaching post, but a former classmate's father helped him secure a job in Bern, at the Federal Office for Intellectual Property, the patent office, as an assistant examiner. He evaluated patent applications for electromagnetic devices. In 1903, Einstein's position at the Swiss Patent Office became permanent, although he was passed over for promotion until he "fully mastered machine technology". His home at Einsteinhaus in Bern
Much of his work at the patent office related to questions about transmission of electric signals and electrical-mechanical synchronization of time, two technical problems that show up conspicuously in the thought experiments that eventually led Einstein to his radical conclusions about the nature of light and the fundamental connection between space and time.
With friends he met in Bern, Einstein formed a weekly discussion club on science and philosophy, which he jokingly named "The Olympia Academy." Their readings included the works of Henri Poincaré, Ernst Mach, and David Hume, which influenced his scientific and philosophical outlook.
Academic careerIn 1901, Einstein had a paper on the capillary forces of a straw published in the prestigious Annalen der Physik. In 1905, he received his doctorate from the University of Zurich. His thesis was titled "On a new determination of molecular dimensions". That same year, which has been called Einstein's annus mirabilisor "miracle year", he published four groundbreaking papers, on the photoelectric effect, Brownian motion, special relativity, and the equivalence of matter and energy, which were to bring him to the notice of the academic world.By 1908, he was recognized as a leading scientist, and he was appointed lecturer at the University of Berne. The following year, he quit the patent office and the lectureship to take the position of physics professor at the University of Zurich. He became a full professor at Karl-Ferdinand University in Prague in 1911. In 1914, he returned to Germany after being appointed director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics and professor at the University of Berlin.
In 1911, he had calculated that, based on his new theory of general relativity, light from another star would be bent by the Sun's gravity. That prediction was claimed confirmed by observations made by a British expedition led by Sir Arthur Eddington during the solar eclipse of May 29, 1919. International media reports of this made Einstein world famous. (Much later, questions were raised whether the measurements were accurate enough to support such a claim.)
In 1921, Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. Because relativity was still considered somewhat controversial, it was officially bestowed for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. He also received the Copley Medal from the Royal Society in 1925.
Emigration to the United StatesBeing protected in England after escaping Nazi Germany in 1933In 1933, Einstein was compelled to emigrate to the United States due to the rise to power of the Nazis under Germany's new chancellor, Adolf Hitler. While visiting American universities in April, 1933, he learned that the new German government passed a law barring Jews from holding any official positions, including teaching at universities. A month later, notes Einstien biographer, Walter Isaacson, "a parade of swastica-wearing students and beer-hall thugs carrying torches tossed books into a huge bonfire. Ordinary citizens poured forth carrying volumes looted from libraries and private homes. 'Jewish intellectualism is dead,' propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels, his face fiery, yelled from the podium." Einstein also learned that his name was on a list of assassination targets, with a "$5,000 bounty on his head." One German magazine included him in a list of enemies of the German regime with the phrase, "not yet hanged".
Among other German scientists forced to flee were fourteen Nobel laureates and twenty-six of the sixty professors of theoretical physics in the country. Among the other scientists who left Germany, or the other countries it came to dominate, were Edward Teller, Niels Bohr, Enrico Fermi, Otto Stern, Victor Weisskopf, Hans Bethe, and Lise Meitner, many of whom made certain that the Allies would develop nuclear weapons first, before the Nazis. With so many other Jewish scientists now forced by circumstances to live in America, often working side by side, Einstein wrote to a friend, "For me the most beautiful thing is to be in contact with a few fine Jews-a few millennia of a civilized past do mean something after all." In another letter he writes, "In my whole life I have never felt so Jewish as now." Einstein with David Ben Gurion, 1951
He took up a position at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, New Jersey, an affiliation that lasted until his death in 1955. There, he tried unsuccessfully to develop a unified field theory and to refute the accepted interpretation of quantum physics. He and Kurt Gödel, another Institute member, became close friends. They would take long walks together discussing their work. His last assistant was Bruria Kaufman, who later became a renowned physicist.
Just prior to the beginning of World War II in Europe, Einstein was persuaded to lend his enormous prestige to a letter sent to President Franklin D. Roosevelt on August 2, 1939, alerting him to the possibility that Nazi Germany might be developing an atomic bomb.
He became an American citizen in 1940.
In 1952, Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion offered him the position of President of Israel after the death of the first president, Chaim Weizman. He declined, writing, "I am deeply moved by the offer from our State of Israel, and at once saddened and ashamed that I cannot accept it." He explained, "I have neither the natural ability nor the experience to deal with human beings."
DeathEinstein's residence in PrincetonOn 17 April 1955, Albert Einstein experienced internal bleeding caused by the rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, which had previously been reinforced surgically by Dr. Rudolph Nissen in 1948. He took the draft of a speech he was preparing for a television appearance commemorating the State of Israel's seventh anniversary with him to the hospital, but he did not live long enough to complete it. Einstein refused surgery, saying: "I want to go when I want. It is tasteless to prolong life artificially. I have done my share, it is time to go. I will do it elegantly." He died in Princeton Hospital early the next morning at the age of 76, having continued to work until near the end. Einstein's remains were cremated and his ashes were scattered around the grounds of the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey. During the autopsy, the pathologist of Princeton Hospital, Thomas Stoltz Harvey removed Einstein's brain for preservation, without the permission of his family, in hope that the neuroscience of the future would be able to discover what made Einstein so intelligent.
