Equator

The latitude and longitude lines can cover the globe to form a grid, called a graticule. The point of origin of the graticule is (0,0), where the equator and the prime meridian intersect. Source: http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/

The tropics is the area of Earth surrounding the equator. It extends from about 23.5 degrees (1600 miles) north of the equator to about 23.5 degrees (1600 miles) south. This is from about Durango, Mexico to the middle of Bolivia.

The equator crosses states of Ecuador, Colombia, and Brazil, as well as

states or provinces of the African and Asian countries that straddle it.

It doesn't cross any place in the USA.

No Canada is about 50 degrees of latitude north of the equator.

Declination (positive and negative respectively) is the angular distance between north and south of the Celestial Equator.

This is only true for the northern hemisphere.

The reason is that the further south you go, the more directly overhead the sun is on average. The means that there is more heat from the sun per square mile.

At 30 degrees north or south of the equator, air descending to Earth's surface creates steady high-pressure zones known as subtropical highs. These areas typically experience dry and stable weather conditions due to the sinking air suppressing cloud formation and precipitation.

Hurricanes

Actually it isn't, day-time at the equator is shorted in both the summer and winter as the sun migrates up to the tropic of Capricorn and down to the tropic of Cancer. (It is of course the relative orientation of the Earth that varies but for purposes of this question lets just believe that its the sun that moves. It makes the explanation simpler.) Its just that the amount of time lost isn't all that 'important' as far as weather is concerned.

No, most of South America is south of the equator.

Most of Colombia, part of Ecuador and Brazil, and all of Venezuela, Guyana, and Suriname (and French Guiana) are north of the equator. Six countries are entirely south of it : Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay.

Cabo San Lucas is at 22.88 deg N. At this latitude a degree is about 68.77 miles, so it is 1573.43 miles to the equator

The regions closer to the equator are hotter and more moist than those further from the equator. They receive more solar energy than the poles.

All lines of Longitude are perpendicular to the Equator.

Yes, very much. Some rainforests near the equator have hundreds of centimeters per year!

The temperature at the equator, because day length is constant at 12 hours, does not vary with the seasons as it does at higher latitudes.

Instead, it varies with altitude, because the work done by rising air causes it to cool and as a result temperatures higher above the surface are cooler than at sea level. At the equator, temperatures cool up to 27,000 metres above sea level, an altitude known as the tropopause.

Typically, at sea level on the equator temperatures are a constant 30˚C (86˚F) by day and 25˚C (77˚F) by night. They fall by about 6˚C or 10˚F for every thousand metres of altitude, so that at an altitude of 4,600 metres the average temperature is 0˚C or 32˚F. (Although convective precipitation is not effective in such cold temperatures, it is still sufficient for the permanent snow line at the equator to be no higher than the 0˚C isotherm).

However, at high altitudes, owing to the intense sun and poor retention of heat in thin air with little CO2, diurnal temperature ranges are much higher than at sea level, so that at 3,000 metres temperatures will range from 16˚C (61˚F) in the daytime to 0˚C at night. At 4,600 metres it may vary from 10˚C in the day to -10˚C (14˚F) at night.

Yes, the equator is an imaginary line that divides the Earth into the northern hemisphere and southern hemisphere. Locations north of the equator are in the northern hemisphere, while locations south of the equator are in the southern hemisphere.

Both!!

Continental France is in Europe, so is north of the equator.

But there are some french possessions that are south of the equator.

On the average, it most often blow horizontally.

No. It is located in the Atlantic Ocean, South of the Florida Keys. No. It is located in the Atlantic Ocean, South of the Florida Keys.

Hypothetically, if the Earth's surface was entirely composed of water, there would be a single convection cell where hot air rises and moves towards the poles, while cold air moves towards the Equator as wind, undercutting the hot air. This idea was proposed by Halley (1686) and developed by Hadley (1735).

The existence of irregularities in the Earth's surface (land) results in three convection cells: Hadley, Ferrel and a weak Polar cell.

Key words to investigate: tricellular model, Inter-Tropical-Convergence-Zone (ITCZ) (existing between the Northern and Southern Hemisphere Hadley cells), doldrums (weak winds experienced in the ITCZ) and jet streams.

The equators warm air, and the polar cold air.