Evolution

Evolution in action refers to the ongoing process by which species change over time in response to their environment, leading to the emergence of new traits and adaptations. This can be observed through examples such as antibiotic resistance in bacteria, the development of new species in isolated populations, or the selective breeding of domestic animals.

Observations, erecting a hypothesis, and then experimentation to answer questions in science.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_computation

the butler act in 1925

Wheatley argues that Africans possess intelligence, creativity, and artistic talents that demonstrate their capacity for redemption. She emphasizes their ability to excel in education and literature as proof of their potential for cultural and intellectual enrichment. Additionally, Wheatley's own success as a poet and her recognition by prominent figures in society serve as evidence of African capabilities and potential for redemption.

Yeah, everybody does except the Eubacteria and some Archaea, which is a totally different domain, anyway. The fungi, the plants, and the animals belong to the Domain Eukaryota, meaning we're mostly all made up of multiple cells (but some of us aren't), our cells have nuclei, and we've got membrane bound organelles.

Ardi was an omnivore. He ate plants, meat, and fruit. He didn't eat hard food such as nuts and tubers.

Monroe Doctrine

Starfish are one example.

A gas-evolution reaction is a reaction that results in the formation of a gas.

Evolution is a scientific theory because it provides a well-supported explanation for the diversity of life on Earth based on observable evidence from fields like biology, genetics, geology, and paleontology. The theory of evolution has been tested and confirmed through numerous scientific studies and continues to be refined as new evidence emerges. In scientific terms, a theory is an explanation that has been rigorously tested and supported by multiple lines of evidence, not just a guess or hypothesis.

Gradual changes via an unknown (at that time) mechanism, with natural selection weeding out individuals lacking specific adaptations.

So, for instance... every so often we get hairless skinny bears. Well, heck, that's not pretty. And if the weather gets colder, then naturally they get "selected" out - meaning the poor unfuzzy bears don't tend to survive the colder winters in sufficient numbers cmopared to the fat hairy bears.

Not all are that harmless. Sickle cell disease is a point mutation. A missense mutation can be harmful, but substituting one purine base for another, or having the same type of amino acid, hydrophobic to hydrophobic for instance, made is not harmful.

Evolution refers to the process by which living organisms change and evolve over time through processes such as natural selection, genetic drift, and mutation. It explains how species adapt to their environment and how biodiversity arises.

Some arguments against gene-based evolutionary theory include criticisms of the idea that genetic changes are the sole driver of evolution, the role of non-genetic factors such as epigenetics and environmental influences, and challenges to the assumption that all biological traits can be solely attributed to genes. Critics also question the reductionist approach of focusing solely on genes without considering the broader context of organisms and their interactions with the environment.

Paleoanthrology is the study of ancient human hominids.

Natural selection is important because it is the process by which species adapt to their environment over time, leading to the survival of the fittest individuals with advantageous traits. It plays a key role in shaping and driving evolution by enabling organisms to become better suited to their ecological niche, ultimately increasing their chances of survival and reproduction.

Yes, parsimony is a legitimate evolutionary assumption because it suggests that the simplest explanation or solution is often the most likely to be correct. This principle is important in evolutionary biology as it encourages researchers to favor simpler explanations or evolutionary scenarios over more complex ones, unless evidence suggests otherwise.

Human-like animals, known as hominids, have been around for several million years. The earliest hominids appeared around 7 million years ago, evolving into various species over time. The modern human species, Homo sapiens, emerged around 300,000 years ago.

Darwin believed and theorized that species competed for existence over many years and evolved to be what they are today. Species will battle for the fittest because they are on the food chain. For example, when a bear eats a fish the bear is ending the life of the fish and therefor the fish can't go on to reproduce and possibly evolve. The bear is also increasing his chance of living to reproduce by eating the fish. So, the species with the fittest genetics will most likely reproduce and pass on that genetics to the next generation. His explanation for the evolution of species was natural selection.

Observation, forming of a hypothesis, testing this hypothesis and verification/repeatability. Any where along that line that breaks down may necessitate starting over again.

There is no such thing as devolution, it is always evolution taking place, devolution is just a new word that usually spreads a very naive misconception about the evolution of man. About problems, can you please clarify your question? I personally find it incomprehensible.