Evolution

The traits are also found in many intervening lineages on the tree of life

Continuous variation is a variation that is distributable; under a normal curve. Height is an example of this with all heights being along a continuum of heights within populations, at least. This distribution of traits is usually controlled by many alleles in a additive fashion. Polygenic.

Discontinuous variation is of one trait, allele, or the other. Blood groups are an example of this. A, B , O. You can only have two alleles here, so AA and AB and OO and AO, AB etc. are the expressed ( less the recessive O, except homozygous ) traits. These are single variations based on one allele and are not distributable along a continuum.

The two papers of Charles Robert Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace dealing with this subject were read to the Linnean Society on July 1, 1858. This was the first and most complete theory of evolution by natural selection that the world heard of, though there were minor differences between Darwin's and Wallace's theory. ( there were others who had parts of the theory correctly elucidated, but they were not complete in their presentations, or they only had passing acquaintance with this subject ) On November 22, 1859 Darwin published ' On The Origin Of Species By Means Of Natural Selection, Or The Preservation Of Favored Races In The Struggle For Life '

Convergent evolution occurs when unrelated species evolve with similar features. An example of this is opposable thumbs, which primates typically have. Opossums also have an opposable thumb, and they are not from the primate family.

Charles Darwin proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection in his book "On the Origin of Species" published in 1859. It states that species evolve over time through the process of natural selection, where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.

When a new species evolves from an existing species, it results in speciation, which is the formation of a distinct species that is reproductively isolated from the original species. This can occur due to various factors such as geographic isolation, genetic mutations, or changes in environmental conditions that lead to evolutionary divergence. The new species will have its own unique traits and characteristics that distinguish it from its ancestor.

Matrilineal lineages are social systems in which lineage and inheritance are traced through the mother's side of the family rather than the father's. In such societies, individuals typically belong to their mother's clan or family group, and property, names, or titles may be passed down through maternal lines. This system can influence various aspects of culture, including social roles, marriage practices, and kinship relationships. Examples of matrilineal societies can be found in various cultures around the world, such as among the Minangkabau in Indonesia and certain Native American tribes.

Unprotected DNA subject to environmental insults, such as UV light, all the time and no repair mechanisms when the DNA us replicated in host cells. Plus RNA viruses have a much less stable molecule to use as a genetic receptacle than DNA viruses.

It is not surprising that Charles Darwin became a scientist-- he came from a family of doctors, botanists, and other scientists. Even as a boy, Darwin was always fascinated by nature, so after graduating from college in England, he became a naturalist. His first job, in 1831, was to assist some scientists who were going on an around-the-world voyage by ship, to study the birds and plants in other countries. After a five year journey, doing research in places like the Pacific Islands and South America, Darwin wrote extensively about what he and the other scientists had observed and discovered. This inspired Darwin to want to devote his life to studying the origins of various species, and to write about his research. So, all of his jobs were related to science and to discoveries about the world of nature.

Because they have a different idea of how the world came to be.

The choose the Biblical explanation: about the creation of earth 6 days.

They find it hard to believe that we evolved from single cell organisms and evolved for billions of years.

Maybe because they don't know better

He didn't discover much other than the interesting variations in the shapes of the Galapagos finches' beaks. He formulated the famous Theory of Evolution, however, which might answer the question.

Evolution has no direction.

I think you are asking about medicine ameliorating the effects of natural selection as portrayed in this terminology. " Survival of the fittest. " Biologists have never been too comfortable with that term because the ultimate coin evolution pays in is reproductive success, which is a somewhat different thing than just survival. Just because someone is kept alive by modern medicine does not guarantee this persons reproductive success. To launch tour genes into the gene pool is the " goal " of existence and not only do you have to survive long enough to do that your genes must be well represented in the future populations gene pool.

Something that cannot be proven by the scientific theory is known as metaphysical or supernatural. These concepts are outside the realm of scientific inquiry due to their reliance on beliefs, faith, or subjective experiences that are not testable through empirical methods.

That is the scientific designation for " jaw-less fish. "

Not sure, but I am sure he was not a dwarf as he was portrayed in the movie " Creation. " I would venture that he was about six foot tall.

Similarities in DNA sequences, anatomical structures, and developmental pathways provide evidence of a common ancestry among organisms. Additionally, the study of fossils and transitional forms help support the idea of evolution and common ancestry.

According to the theory of evolution, originally proposed by Charles Darwin in his book "The Origin Of Species" human beings and monkeys are both descended from earlier primate species. Monkeys, according to this theory, would be more accurately described as our cousins, than as our ancestors.

So actually, nobody has said that people come from monkeys. That would be a misrepresentation of evolutionary theory.

Aristotle did not contribute to the understanding of evolution. Evolution as a scientific theory was developed in the 19th century by Charles Darwin, while Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist who lived in the 4th century BC. Aristotle's focus was on natural philosophy and biology but did not propose a theory of evolution as we understand it today.

Older, more primitive (basal) forms tend to be buried in deeper strata. Certain common species are unique to particular strata, serving as useful "index" species.

Biogeographical evidence also supports Darwin's theory. There are common fossils in Africa and South America from before the split of the continents, but not so much afterwards. Australia has been separated from the other continents for eons, and all native mammal species there were marsupials--save for a few species of bat and rat. The dingo does not predate the arrival of Australian aborigines.

One more interesting bit of geological evidence--flowering plants are virtually absent from mesozoic, paleozoic, and earlier geologic strata. Dinosaur fossils are absent from cenozoic strata. The deep back in geologic time one delves, the fewer examples one finds of modern species, and the greater abundance one finds of species no longer extent.

Tiktaalik, once touted as a proven ''missing link" is now regarded as an evolutionary ''dead end'', thanks to the recent discovery in Poland of tetropod tracks dated some 18Ma years older.

The ability to walk upright evolved over time. It was driven by changing climate. As the climate became drier and the forests were replaced by grass lands. The ability to see further was helped by walking upright. An upright human was seen as larger and more intimidating. The pelvis had to change shape as well as the leg bones had to change to support the weight. Walking upright means that the weight of the body is on one leg and on the one knee joint with each step. The spine became curved at the hips to absorb shock. Finally, the skull was fully supported by the spine.

Around 1.9 million years ago, Homo erectus was fully upright. The grassland were spreading, he could walk upright for days, carry tools and children, and see long distances.

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he farted

Accept. " Believe in " has connotations that do not fit the rational mind well.

I have heard a range of figures. Many fence sitters and theist evolution types here. Anywhere from 14% to 25% of the US population accepts evolutionary theory.