Evolution

A trait shared by at least two and perhaps more taxa and devolving on common ancestry is synapomorphy. A homologous trait is quite similar. The forelimbs of all tetrapods are devolved from common ancestry and would be traits shared by many taxa and homologous traits. Cladists use the word synapomorphy more to show closer relationships. Pliesiomorphy is the word cladists use to show more ancient relationships.

Evolution was not discovered. It started as an explanation by Charles Darwin, in 1838, to explain the differences between animals on the mainland with animals he encountered on islands that were VERY similar with their mainland cousins but had modified traits and characteristics to allow them to survive in environments that their mainland cousins could not.Darwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species, overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life.

thousands of years ago, millions of jellyfish were trapped in the lake, when a submerged reef rose from the sea. the jellyfish adapted to their surroundings by losing their sting completely. you can now swim safely with sixteen million jellyfish in jellyfish lake.

Darwin's theories of evolution by natural selection are supported by a vast amount of evidence from various scientific fields, including paleontology, genetics, comparative anatomy, and biogeography. Fossil records show a progression of life forms over time, genetic studies demonstrate shared ancestry among species, anatomical similarities suggest common descent, and the distribution of species across geographic regions aligns with evolutionary predictions. Additionally, observations of adaptation in living organisms through selective breeding and bacterial resistance further validate the mechanisms proposed by Darwin.

1. Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection proposed that species evolve over time through the process of "survival of the fittest," shaping the diversity of life on Earth.

2. Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants in the 19th century laid the foundation for the science of genetics, showing how traits are inherited and can change over generations.

3. The discovery of DNA's structure by Watson and Crick in 1953 revealed the genetic code that drives evolution, linking changes at the molecular level to the diversity of life forms we see today.

Evolutionary theory is a scientific theory, and stands separate from any religious belief, just like one does not have to have or lack any particular religious belief in order to accept gravity or general relativity.

Darwin proposed that over a long time, natural selection could lead to the gradual change and divergence of species from a common ancestor, resulting in the formation of new species through the process of adaptation to their environment.

The RNA world hypothesis is currently considered one of the most plausible models for the origin of life. It suggests that RNA molecules played a key role in the early evolution of life by acting as both genetic material and catalysts for chemical reactions.

Archaebacteria is probably more likely to be the ancestor of eukaryotes because of certain similarities, such as the ribosome of the two groups being much more similar to each other than the ribosomes of bacteria.

A small membrane-enclosed sac that specializes in moving products within a cell is called a vesicle. Vesicles can transport molecules between different organelles within the cell or to the cell membrane for secretion.

Some potential problems in the theory of evolution include gaps in the fossil record, the origin of complex structures like the eye, and understanding the mechanisms driving rapid evolutionary changes. Additionally, determining the exact mechanisms of speciation and the role of epigenetics in evolution are ongoing challenges.

Well, since natural selection uses the enviromment as selector we can see through the fossil record what happened to horses. I will cover two major adaption of horses.Proto-horses, when they lived in forests, has toes. The forests retreated and the plains selected horses that were fusing their toes into hooves over many years of mutation and natural selection. Plains running is better done with hooves, unless you are a wolf or lion. Also in the forest proto-horses were small, as befitted a forest environment, but when the forest disappeared long legs were needed to out run predators and those variant horses that developed them over time in the population survived and reproduced progeny with the same traits and these progeny could improve on those traits being variant themselves.

Seed formation allows plants to reproduce without the need for water, as seeds can be dispersed by wind, animals, or other means. Seeds also provide protection and nutrients for the embryo, increasing its chances of survival. Additionally, seeds can remain dormant in harsh conditions until environmental conditions are favorable for germination.

Fitness is a measure of the average reproductive alacrity of a particular variant, lineage or population.

Adaptation is a genomic change that increases fitness for the variants or lineages carrying the change.

Oparin's hypothesis on the origin of life was tested experimentally through Stanley Miller's famous experiment in 1953, where he simulated the conditions of early Earth and observed the formation of organic molecules like amino acids from inorganic chemicals. This experiment provided evidence that the basic building blocks of life could have formed spontaneously under the conditions believed to exist on early Earth, supporting Oparin's hypothesis.

I like puppies :)

Traits 'skip' generations precisely because most traits are not accounted for by a single gene, but by their combination with other genes. There is no brown hair gene, or blue eye gene. These traits may be controlled by recessive genes, so they seem to skip a generation from grandparent to you.

For example, if a trait is produced by a recessive gene, one of your parents may be a carrier but not possess the trait (because she inherited a dominant gene that overrode the recessive one). However, when her genes were recombined to produce the ovum from which you grew, and when that combined with your father's DNA, the trait may resurface.

The environment plays a crucial role in driving evolutionary processes by exerting selective pressures on organisms. Organisms that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their advantageous traits to the next generation. Over time, this leads to changes in populations and the evolution of new species.

Miller and Urey observed the abiotic synthesis of organic molecules, such as amino acids, by creating a laboratory simulation of early Earth's atmosphere and conditions. Their experiment demonstrated that simple organic compounds could be formed from inorganic precursors in a prebiotic environment.

The four principles of natural selection are variation, inheritance, selection, and time. An example not used in the section could be antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Bacteria that possess genetic variations allowing them to survive exposure to antibiotics will be more likely to reproduce and pass on those resistant traits to their offspring, leading to the evolution of a resistant bacterial population over time.

The process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms is called evolution. This process involves changes in the genetic makeup of populations over successive generations, leading to the diversity of life forms we see today.

When the dinosaurs went extinct the mammals that were living alongside the dinosaurs underwent massive adaptive radiation. Large extinction events can give rise to niche openings for species that go through the extinction event.