Mining

An adit.

In North America, the horizontal or sloped entrance to a mine is called a "Portal".

Portal more specifically refers to the portion of the shaft visible from the outside of the mine.

In some areas, the Portal portion of a horizontal shaft is called the "Drift Mouth" or "Drift Portal" as this shaft leads into a "Drift Mine".

With a vertical shaft, that portion would be called a "Collar".

To obtain 93 g of gold from sylvanite containing 28% gold by mass, you would need to dig up 93 g / 0.28 = 332.1 g of sylvanite.

The three method generally used to extract metals from ores are dependent on their reactivity. The first method is electrolysis, which is used for metals like aluminum and magnesium that have a high reactivity. The second is extraction by reaction with either carbon or carbon monoxide, which is used for less reactive metals like iron, lead and zinc. The third and final method is the use of hydrogen and this method is used for unreactive metals like gold, silver and copper. The third method is used in a variety of ways as many of these metals don't need to be separated from their ores but chemical reactions may be required to remove other contaminant materials.

Nickel can be separated from materials it is found with through a process called leaching, where the ore is treated with chemicals to dissolve the nickel. The resulting nickel solution can then be purified through processes like solvent extraction or precipitation to isolate the nickel metal.

'''Extraction Process''' The principle ore of aluminum is bauxite, a reddish clay-like ore rich in alumina is usually mined by open cut technique. Aluminium is then extracted by electrolysis at a reduction plant, or smelter. The ore is first converted into pure alumina by the Bayer Process which involves heating in caustic soda. The aluminum trihydrate dissolves leaving a residue of insoluble iron and titanium oxides called red mud. The aluminum trihydrate is dried to produce alumina which is electrolysed in molten cryolite because the aluminum oxide has too high a melting point to electrolyse on its own. Then a powerful electric current is run through the liquid to separate the aluminum from the oxygen. As a result, the molten aluminum sinks to the bottom of the pots.

Mining coal involves extracting it from the ground through processes such as drilling, cutting, and blasting. This is considered a physical change because the coal itself is not altered at a molecular level during the mining process—it is simply being removed from its original location.

It is not known when it was created, but it was first invented in the 13th century CE when Iron and charcoal were combined correctly.

"The earliest known production of steel is a piece of ironware excavated from an archaeological site in Anatolia (Kaman-Kalehoyuk) and is about 4,000 years old"

"Other ancient steel comes from East Africa, dating back to 1400 BC."

Source: Wikipedia.

links:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_materials_technology

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel

Iron ore is the most commonly mined metal ore in the world. It is a key ingredient in the production of steel, which is used in various industries such as construction, automotive, and manufacturing. Australia, Brazil, and China are among the top producers of iron ore globally.

The value of chert can vary depending on the quality, size, and location of the material. In general, chert is not a highly valuable material compared to other gemstones or minerals. It is often more prized for its use in tools and weapons by ancient civilizations rather than for its monetary value.

Limestone may be mined in a surface quarry, typically by drilling, blasting, and crushing the shot rock. In some areas, limestone mines are underground. In Florida, some limestone mines are under water- the rock is drilled, shot, and mucked while under water. Limestone may be crushed to aggregate sizes, or finely crushed to a powder state for agricultural limestone, or used a "mine safety dust" to control methane and dust in coal mines. Powdered limestone (calcium carbonate) may be roasted and hydrated to form quicklime (Calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide)

True. Copper can be obtained from its ores by smelting, a process that involves heating the ore in a furnace to extract the metal.

"No, gold, silver, and platinum are some of the metals which are not ores".

Yes, these metals do occur as nuggets of native element, and are dredged, or panned from stream, and river sediments, but there are many sulfides, and oxides of these, and other metals as well.

These oxides, and sulfides are the Ore Minerals sought after by prospectors, and mined from in sittu Hard Rock Deposits.

1. Metallic minerals have a high luster and shine due to their reflective properties.
2. They often conduct electricity and heat well due to the presence of free electrons in their structure.

Yes, glass is primarily made from silica, which is a mineral. However, the manufacturing process of glass typically involves adding other materials like soda ash and limestone to improve its properties, which may also contain trace minerals.

Plastic is not mined like natural resources such as metals or minerals. Instead, plastic is typically produced from petroleum-based chemicals through a refining process. These chemicals are then molded into various plastic products through manufacturing processes.

I believe you are referring to strip mining. In parts of Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia, entire mountaintops have been shorn off in order to easily get to the coal lying beneath them. A drive up I-75 from Knoxville, TN to Lexington, KY reveals many such examples of strip mining wherein the hills and mountains once had rounded tops, but are now flat on top.

The mineral olivine is (Fe, Mg)2SiO4, or ferromagnesian silicate.

Mica is both mined and extracted. It is typically mined from underground deposits using techniques such as open-pit mining and underground mining. Once the mica-bearing rock is extracted, the mica is then separated from the ore through a series of processing steps.

The depth of the mine can be calculated using the formula: distance = 1/2 * acceleration due to gravity * time squared. Given the time is 6 seconds and the acceleration due to gravity is about 9.8 m/s^2, the depth of the mine would be approximately 176.4 meters.

Without minerals, many essential functions in both living organisms and ecosystems would be impaired. Minerals are necessary for the growth of plants and animals, as well as for maintaining proper bodily functions in humans. Without minerals, soil quality would deteriorate, disrupting the food chain and ecosystem balance. Additionally, industries that rely on minerals for manufacturing products would be severely impacted.

Sodium cyanide is commonly used in gold mining to extract gold from ore. It forms a stable complex with gold ions, allowing for efficient extraction of the precious metal. However, it is a highly toxic substance and requires stringent safety measures to prevent environmental contamination and human exposure.

1. Copper ore is mined and crushed.

2. It must be processed to remove the useful mineral or element.

3. Smelting is the process used to obtain copper. In the smelting the ore is melted and material are removed. After smelting, the copper is refined ,or purified.

4. Then it is made into many types of products used in homes, businesses, and industry.

The smelting of iron equation is typically represented as:

Fe2O3 + 3CO -> 2Fe + 3CO2

This equation represents the reduction of iron ore (Fe2O3) using carbon monoxide (CO) to produce iron (Fe) and carbon dioxide (CO2) as byproduct.