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Probability

The probability of a certain event is a number expressing the likelihood that a specific event will occur, expressed as the ratio of the number of actual occurrences to the number of possible occurrences. In mathematics, it is a measure of how often an event will happen and is the basis of statistics.

14,643 Questions

Describe the central limit theorem and give an example of how it can be used in statistics?

The Central Limit Theorem (CLT) is a theorem that describes the fact that if a number of samples are taken from a population, the distribution of the means of the samples will be normal. This is true for all different distributions, whether or not the population is normal or something else. The main exception to this is that the theorem does not work particularly well if the samples are small (<30) and the original population is not distributed normally.

The sample means will be distributed with a mean equal to the population mean, and with variance equal to the variance of the population divided by the size of each sample.

This can sound confusing when first working it out, but once it makes sense it is very useful in statistics. It is the basis for confidence intervals and hypothesis testing, as well as other statistical tests.

Is it possible to have an experimental probability of 0?

yes. for example role a 6 sided die, will you get a 7? never. the experimental and theoretical probability is 0

What is a good sentence for probability?

There is a high probability that this sentence will not qualify as a good sentence.

What is the probability of drawing a red king from a deck of 52 playing cards?

50/2

Since: there are only 2 red kings (hearts and diamonds) and there are 50 that ARE NOT red kings.

How is probability?

The probability of you understanding this answer is slim... does that help?? That is how you use it in a sentance.

** Jeez, that's mean, and OP, check out people who have the same exact question as you on here.. "What is probability" rather than how.

What is a sample space diagram?

A sample space diagram is usually a Venn diagram with the event(s). See the related link.

What is the probability that it will go dark tonight?

It depends on where you are. During the summer in the Northern hemisphere, if you are North of the Arctic circle, the answer is 0.

How do you calculate Q1 Q3 IQR and the standard deviation?

Suppose there are n observations. Put them in ascending order (smallest first) of size.

Calculate k = n/4. Round up to the next integer, if necessary.

Then Q1 is the kth observation in the ordered sets.

Also Q3 is the 3kth observation in the ordered sets.

IQR = Q3 - Q1

Calculation of the standards deviation is a lot more work.

First find the mean = sum of all the observations, divided by the number of observations. Call that number M.

Next find the mean "sum of squares", MSS. Square the value of each observation and add them together. Then divide this sum by the number of observations.

Then the Variance is V = MSS - M2

Finally, the standard deviation is sqrt(V).

How is paired t-test different from a general t-test with two samples?

In a general t-test, there is no relationship between the members of one sample and the other. In a paired t-test they are connected in some way so that they are likely to give similar outcomes. This means that more of the difference between them can be attributed to the "treatment".

What is the purpose of studying probability and Queueing theory?

An obvious answer is to allow an organisation to decide how many people they should employ for serving customers. That may be tellers in a bank or post office, or telephone operators at a call centre.

Obviously, employing too many is a waste of the organisations resource. Unfortunately, most organisations do not realise that not employing enough, so that the customers are left waiting (or left on hold and forced to listen to some revolting "music") does not do much for their image. But hey, they saved some money, so they're good!

What is probability of an impossible event?

If the event is truly impossible, it has a zero probability of occurring. The definition of impossible is "not able to occur, exist, or be done," so that means there's no chance of it happening.

How many queen of diamond given face card?

In an ordinary deck of cards there is only one queen of diamonds.

What is the probability that a white sock would be pulled out a drawer of all white socks?

Whenever there is only one possible outcome of an experiment, the probability of this outcome is 1, which you can also write as 100%.

How to decrease margin of error in probability sampling?

With probability sampling you have no control over the units that are sampled. So the only way to reduce the margin of error is to increase the size of the sample.

What is the probability of flipping 4 times and landing on heads each time?

The probability of heads is 0.5 each time.

The probability of four times is (0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5) = 0.0625 = 1/16 = 6.25% .

How do you respond if partner responds 2 Hearts to your 1Spade opening bid?

It depends on what card game you are playing that will affect how cards are played. Playing 2 Hearts to your 1Spade opening bid would be difficult because there is no 1 Spade.

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