Astrophysics

No, the black hole at the center of the Milky Way, known as Sagittarius A*, is too far away to pose any immediate threat to Earth. While it is incredibly massive, it would not suddenly pull Earth into it. Earth's orbit is stable and not in danger of being swallowed by the black hole.

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V4641 Sagittarii was the closest known black hole to Earth at a distance of about 1,600 light years.

However, later observations placed the figure at more than 24,000 light years (Just shows how errant astronomy can be).

Latest figures place Cygnus X-1 as the closest, at 6,000 light years away.

This will change as instruments get better.

In the context of a black hole, the boundary refers to the event horizon, which is the point of no return beyond which nothing, not even light, can escape the gravitational pull of the black hole. It marks the boundary between the observable universe outside the black hole and the region where all information is lost to the singularity at the center.

Well this is my thoughts and belief about the black hole. I share almost the same believe as you do, however from my research that i have done on space,time and mass. I have concluded that the black hole is a puncture in space, but not of space, which means that the void left after the puncture is an empty opening into space that no mass,time or space exists in that zone, this is why the laws of physics break down, but you are probably thinking that is a radical idea, well it may sound like that but let me clear things up. Imagine you have an A4 paper, this A4 paper will be space, imagine you have mass or object on that paper, you take a pencil and anywhere around that paper you puncture a hole into the paper with all the pressure that you have put into it, now look at this, because of the pressure you applied on your pencil, you have just punctured a hole into the paper, and everything that was once their is now around that paper hole area. So imagine, all that pressure that gravity has to offer after the explosion of a super star, the gravity collapses to a point where the pressure is so strong and like the pencil that punctured the paper, it will eventually puncture space itself, space is a property just like time and mass, it curves when mass is present. Another reason to support this theory is, since time is frozen in a black hole then space does not exist either, and why is that ? well if time and space are synchronized together, the faster you go the slower time is for you which is known as time dilation which was Einsteins theory, so what if time is frozen ? then space shouldn't exist at all. In other words, the information is never sucked in or taken by the black hole, but instead it is stored in a location where the gravitational pull of the black hole is holding it in place, so that it does not escape, and what you are really looking at when you look at a black hole is basically a voice where no laws of physics take place at all since it is not really the space we know of but a void of emptiness.

There is limited information available about Hannan Binth Hashim. It appears she may be a private individual not widely recognized in public domains.

The mass of a typical neutron star is believed to be between one and three times the mass of the sun. However, in size they would be much smaller than the earth, something on the order of around ten kilometers in diameter.

A photometer is a device used to measure surface brightness. It detects and quantifies the amount of light emitted by a surface, typically in astronomy to measure the brightness of stars and galaxies.

Astrophysicists need various types of data, including observations from telescopes, satellite missions, and other instruments to study celestial objects and phenomena. They also use theoretical models and simulations to interpret this data and gain insights into the universe's structure, composition, and evolution. Additionally, astrophysicists often collaborate with researchers in other disciplines, such as computer science and engineering, to develop new tools and technologies for data collection and analysis.

There is actually quite strong evidence for such a black hole - both from x-ray observations, and by observing the movement of nearby stars. The movements of nearby stars indicate that they are orbiting an object with about 4 million solar masses, and since this mass is concentrated in a very small space (the apoapsis of some of those stars is fairly close to the object), the only reasonable explanation, according to current astronomical knowledge, is a black hole.

Iridium is the element that archaeologists use to as a marker to determine if a dust layer came from an asteroid impact or is simply volcanic earth ash. Theorists have also thought that asteroid mining could be productive to find iron, nickel, palladium, platinum and potentially rare earth metals.

Since the radius of a black hole is directly proportional to the mass it contains, one can safely say a massive star can make a black hole big; the more massive the star, the larger the black hole. Note that, depending on composition and some other factors, a heavy star may or may not blow out much of its mass in a spectacular explosion (supernova) and the small remnant it leaves behind may or may not be a black hole - it could potentially become a pulsar or neutron star instead. Black holes may also be companions to massive stars, and their size governed by how much mass they accumulate - since the star may supply the black hole with a fairly continuous stream of matter captured by gravitational effects from the companion star and thus the black hole continues to grow in size.

In astronomy the term main sequence is understood to apply to stellar evolution; since black holes are not themselves considered stars so much as "stellar remnants" they would not fall on this sequence. It would be appropriate to say they are most commonly created at the end of life (once the fuel is exhausted) of a larger star and thus would be more likely to pertain to the most massive stars of the upper main sequence.

No, black holes cannot turn into neutron stars. Neutron stars form from the remnants of supernova explosions of massive stars, while black holes are formed from the gravitational collapse of massive stars. Once a black hole is formed, it will remain a black hole and will not transform into a neutron star.

The mass of a black hole determines its "size" or diameter of the event horizon. The relationship between mass and radius (Schwarzchild radius) is described by a formula in which the size is proportional to the gravitational constant and mass of the black hole and inversely proportional to the square of the speed of light.

No, a superheated quasar cannot escape a black hole. Quasars are extremely bright and energetic sources powered by accretion onto supermassive black holes, and their emissions arise from the material falling into the black hole. Once matter crosses the event horizon – the point of no return – it cannot escape the black hole, including the energy emitted by the quasar.

This belongs in astronomy.

It's a theory of how solar systems have come to be.

Basically, clouds of gas draw together and form an accretion disc (which lies in a plane equal to the planets' axes).

In the center a sun is created from the large amount of particles gathering there.

Elsewhere particles gather and form larger particles, which collide and gain size over time.

After a long, long time a solar system has been created.

All the details are not known, and this was probably the most simplistic explanation of the theory possible, try searching for accretion disc.

It doesn't necessarily.

Remember that the gravitational acceleration of a lump of mass, and the force

on things near it, depends on the distance from the center of it.

The Earth has a lot of mass, but you can't get any closer to the center of it

than about 4,000 miles.

The thing about a black hole is that its mass is packed into such a small space

that you can get very close to it. It has colossally huge gravity when you get

colossally close to it.

-- Let's say you weigh 100 pounds on Earth.

-- Let's say there's a black hole that has the same mass as the Earth,

but it's the size of a basketball.

-- Let's say you walk over to it, until you're 100 feet away from it.

100 feet away from 1 Earth mass, you weigh almost 22 million tons.

It's getting hard to walk, you're starting to sweat, and you look at it

and you say to yourself "Geez, that thing sure has strong gravity!"

To convert pounds to newtons, multiply by 4.448. So, 32 pounds is equal to 142.336 newtons.

If you observe an object in an elliptical orbit around something, AND you know the mass of the orbiting object AND the size of the orbit, you can calculate the mass of the object at the center (more precisely, at one of the foci) of the orbit.

We observe several stars orbiting the super-massive black hole at our galactic center. We can calculate their mass based on the light they give off, and we can measure their orbits over time. From this, we can calculate the mass of that black hole.

Professor Stephen Hawking proposed that black holes interact thermodynamically with the universe in specific ways; for example that radiation could be generated by quantum effects near the event horizon (Hawking radiation) and thus carry mass away from it, per Einstein's proof of the equivalency of mass and energy; thus a black hole's mass could decrease over time and eventually it could "evaporate" entirely.

Galaxies contain varying numbers of star systems, star clusters and types of interstellar clouds. In between these objects is a sparse interstellar medium of gas, dust, and cosmic rays. The bulge is actually the outline of a black hole's ergosphere, wherein such matter is being gravitationally attracted.

It should also be noted that galaxies are actively evolving; i.e. providing for the birth of new stars, star systems, and star clusters. This process is more apparent in the areas of gravitational disruptions, like a galaxy's central black hole. Consequently, the sparse interstellar medium of gas and dust can form stars in the ergosphere area of a black hole due to the intense gravitational pressure and drag.

Yes, most massive stars (at least eight times the mass of our Sun) will end their life cycle by collapsing into a black hole. This happens after they have gone through the stages of supernova explosion and core collapse.

The first time an object was viewed as a black hole by most astronomers was in 1971. Prior to that, most astronomers were skeptical such an object even existed, let alone that one had been detected.