Australian Explorers

John Oxley was hoping to find some land but during the journey he came to swampy waters and couldn't get passed it.

He proved many people wrong in discovering that there was no inland sea, it was just a myth.

Actually, Charles Sturt never conclusively proved there was no inland sea. He continued to believe in its existence until he died.

Sturt certainly proved that inland New South Wales was not a gigantic inland sea. However, central Australia was huge, and he was only able to prove one section of it was not an inland sea. The belief in the inland sea that Edward Eyre had perpetuated in 1840-41 when he was blocked by a series of saltpans persisted for at least another twenty years, and Sturt's expedition to find the inland sea in 1844-45 did not cover anywhere near the territory that explorers such as John McDouall Stuart, William Gosse, Peter Warburton and Ernest Giles covered. It was really only when the last of the desert explorers completed their journeys in the 1870s that the myth of the inland sea was dispelled for once and for all.

Dutch captain Willem de Vlamingh named the Swan River in 1697 because of the black swans he saw in abundance there. In 1829, Captain Charles Fremantle was sent to take formal possession of the remainder of New Holland which had not already been claimed for Britain under the territory of New South Wales. On 2 May 1829, Captain Fremantle raised the Union Jack on the south head of the Swan River, thus claiming the territory for Britain.

There is no such river as the Murray Darling River. The two rivers are quite separate and distinct, with the Darling a tributary of the Murray.

The Darling River was named by Charles Sturt early in 1829. During an expedition in which he traced the Macquarie River, Sturt arrived suddenly at what he described as "a noble river". This was the Darling, which he named after Governor Darling.

The Murray River was originally called the Hume when it was discovered by Hume and Hovell in 1824. (Whether it was named by Hovell for his partner Hume, or by Hume for his father, remained a point of contention between the two for some time.) It became the Murray late in 1829 when Sturt discovered that the Murrumbidgee flowed into it, and charted the river. Sturt named it the Murray after Sir George Murray, Secretary of State for the Colonies at that time.

The Murray River forms much of the border between NSW and Victoria, before continuing into South Australia. It empties into the ocean near the Coorong.

Sturt's Desert Pea is native to the Australian outback. It is found in South Australia from the Flinders Ranges west to beyond the border with Western Australia and north into the Northern Territory, as far as Alice Springs.

The Sturt Desert Pea is South Australia's floral emblem.

John Oxley and George Evans explored the rivers of New South Wales, but Oxley declared that they ended in usless marshes.

It was Charles Sturt who charted the Murrumbidgee to the Murray, and the Murray to the ocean.

Major Thomas Mitchell also explored sections of the Darling River, and the rivers of western Victoria.

This was Robert O'Hara Burke and William Wills. Theirs was the most expensive, well equipped expedition ever mounted. They left Royal Park, Melbourne on 20 August 1860 and made it to the Gulf of Carpentaria, but died at Cooper Creek on their return journey, sometime in June-July 1861.

James Cook explored and charted the eastern coast of Australia, from Point Hicks in the south to the Endeavour River in the north.

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• The Murray and Darling are actually two different rivers, with quite different sources
• The Murray and Darling Rivers are in Australia while the Amazon is in South America
• The Murray and Darling Rivers flow through some of the world's driest areas, whilst the Amazon flows through the rainforest

Charles Sturt was sure there had to be an inland sea in Australia. Even though he solved the riddle of the westward-flowing rivers (which, unlike rivers on other continents, did not flow towards the coast), and found that the inland river system did not lead to an inland sea, this was something Sturt continued to search for. Fifteen years after his major expedition which traced the Murray River, Sturt still believed there had to be an inland sea, and travelled into the desert country of central Australia - but of course, he never found an inland sea.

The Murray-Darling Basin is located in the south-east of Australia. It covers 1 061 469 square kilometres, which is about 14% of the Australian continent. Note that the Murray River and Darling River are two separate and distinct rivers. Contrary to popular belief, the Murray-Darling basin is not fed by a single river, but by two major rivers, the Murray and the Darling, and numerous tributaries. The total length of the rivers and their tributaries, according to Geoscience Australia, is 6695km, just over half the length of the Nile River.

The Murray-Darling Basin extends 1250 km wide, from the most easterly point at Killarney, near Warwick (in southern Queensland) to north-west of Goolwa (South Australia), the most westerly point.

what equipment did oxley use

John Forrest was an Australian explorer from Western Australia. He also became the first Premier of Western Australia.

In 1869, Forrest led the search for Ludwig Leichhardt's expedition which had gone missing while travelling across Australia from east to west. This search was unsuccessful, but it gave Forrest the chance to do what he wished, which was to explore the uncharted areas of Western Australia.

In 1870, Forrest surveyed the route which Edward Eyre had taken in 1840-41 from Adelaide to Albany, across the Great Australian Bight. As the main route from eastern Australia overland to the west, he realised it needed to be surveyed so a road could be built, and later a railway.

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John McDouall Stuart's explorations were extremely valuable, bringing long-term benefits to Australia.

Stuart's first experience in exploration was when he was employed as a draughtsman by Captain Charles Sturt on an expedition into the desert interior. He used the skills he developed from this experience to further his own exploration ventures, discovering more of what lay beyond Adelaide and other settled areas of the colony of South Australia.

Stuart is most famous for being the first recorded explorer to successfully cross Australia from south to north, and back again, returning alive. Because he led a total of five expeditions in the attempt to be the first to cross the continent from south to north, he developed an extensive knowledge of the inland deserts, and this helped tremendously in charting the interior of the continent. He finally succeeded on his fifth attempt, reaching the northern waters at Chambers Bay in July 1862.

This exploration had major benefits. South Australia had been a struggling colony, not having the same degree of good, fertile soil or large rivers that the other colonies had. Stuart's exploration brought South Australia (represented by Stuart) into the limelight and gave the colony new significance. Because of Stuart's success, South Australia was given control of the area of Australia now known as the Northern Territory.

In particular, Australia's famous Overland Telegraph Line was built from Adelaide to Darwin, roughly following the path Stuart took. This meant that messages from the rest of the world came into northern Australia and were then relayed to Adelaide first, from where they were relayed to other major centres in Australia. Essentially, it gave Adelaide new importance.

Allan Cunningham was one of Australia's early explorers. He was born in Wimbledon, England, in 1791 and he originally came to Australia in an attempt to cure his tuberculosis. The Australian climate did indeed help him regain some of his health, and developed a real love for the country, wanting to utilise his skills as a botanist to explore and discover more of the country.

Cunningham was initially part of John Oxley's expeditions to follow the Lachlan and Macquarie Rivers in 1817. However, he became an important explorer in his own right, making major discoveries such as the rich farming land of the Darling Downs (1827) which led to inland settlement of what is now southern Queensland, and Cunningham's Gap (1828). The discovery of Cunningham's Gap meant that landowners on the Darling Downs did not need to send their products overland to Sydney and markets, but could take the shorter and easier route of coastal shipping.