Bacteria

Chickens are the most common animal source of Campylobacter infection in humans. Campylobacter bacteria are found in the intestines of poultry, making it a common source of contamination in meat products.

Ultraviolet light can damage DNA molecules. If a cell's DNA repair mechanisms can't keep up with the damage, mutations are the result. As harmful mutations accumulate, the cell eventually dies. How much ultraviolet light is too much for a bacterial cell?

It is gram-negative

Yes, Vibrio cholerae is a gram-negative bacterium. It has a cell wall characterized by the absence of a thick layer of peptidoglycan, which is a defining feature of gram-negative bacteria.

There are currently around 30 recognized species of Campylobacter bacteria. These species can be further divided into numerous subtypes and strains, many of which possess unique characteristics and varying levels of pathogenicity.

Symptoms of listeria infection can appear within a few days to a few weeks after being contaminated with the bacteria. In some cases, symptoms can take up to 70 days to develop, depending on the individual's immune system and the amount of bacteria ingested.

Listeria monocytogenes is unusual because it can grow at refrigeration temperatures, allowing it to multiply in foods stored in the fridge. It is also one of the few bacteria that can spread from the digestive system to the bloodstream and cause serious infections, particularly in vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, newborns, and the elderly.

Listeria monocytogenes can be killed by heating foods to recommended temperatures during cooking, properly storing foods in the refrigerator or freezer, and following good hygiene practices during food preparation to prevent cross-contamination. It is important to follow food safety guidelines to reduce the risk of listeriosis infection.

If listeria is left undiagnosed or untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as meningitis, septicemia, and miscarriage in pregnant women. In severe cases, it can even result in death. It is important to seek medical attention promptly if you suspect you have been exposed to listeria.

Crabs are caused by a parasitic infection, not a bacterial or viral infection. They are commonly known as pubic lice and infest human pubic hair.

Most human infections from Listeria occur through consumption of contaminated food, particularly unpasteurized dairy products, ready-to-eat meats, and vegetables. Listeria can grow at refrigeration temperatures, increasing the risk of infection from improperly stored or processed food.

Wash your hands frequently, especially after coughing or sneezing and avoid close contact with infected patients. Use soap and water or an alcohol-based hand cleanser.

Use standard epidemic control measures to significantly reduce secondary attacks in closed populations. Abstinence may help control the spread of mycoplasma infections of the lower urogenital tract.

Tissue samples should be placed into a degassed bag and sealed, or into a gassed out screw top vial that may contain oxygen-free prereduced culture medium and tightly capped. The specimens should be plated as rapidly as possible onto culture media

members of the scaridae family of fish, carracterised by grinding pharyngeal jaws and a distinctly shaped head, eat algae off the coral on coral reefs, and certain species actually bite the coral and grind it up to consume the plant based algae within the coral, other species scrape the coral off the outside. there are many species of this family within coral reefs, examples include the brightly coloured parrot fish and massive buffalo fish they hav very interesting life cycles, changing from male to female over a life time, and are well worth further reading!

H. pylori is a helix-shaped bacterium that is approximately 3 micrometers in length. It has multiple flagella that enable it to move around in the stomach lining. Under a microscope, it appears as a curved or spiral-shaped rod.

The minimum internal cook temperature needed to kill harmful bacteria in steaks is 145°F (63°C) as recommended by the USDA. This temperature ensures that bacteria such as E. coli and Salmonella are destroyed, making the steak safe to eat. It's important to use a food thermometer to accurately measure the internal temperature of the steak.

Plants, algae, and bacteria use oxygen for cellular respiration, a process in which energy is released from organic compounds to fuel their metabolic activities. Oxygen is required as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell.

Bacterial meningitis disrupts the blood-brain barrier, allowing bacteria to enter the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and consume glucose as a nutrient source. This results in a decreased percentage of glucose in the CSF due to increased utilization by the bacteria. Additionally, the inflammatory response in the brain during bacterial meningitis can also affect glucose levels in the CSF.

Streb B was the cause of my 5-dayold son's meningitis. It is found vaginally in some women, so during delivery it could be passed on to the baby. Strep B can also cause other very serious bacterial infections in newborns. In the US. doctors swab all expectant mums as part of the childbirth routine. Unfortunately that's not the case in Britain, but thankfully my son was diagnosed swiftly and made a full recovery.

Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis are the sub-types responsible for causing yersinosis, a gastrointestinal illness. They are typically transmitted through contaminated food or water and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever.

Syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, can cause fatigue and lead to symptoms such as tiredness and weakness. It is important to seek medical attention and get tested if you suspect you may have an STD.

In 25-30% of people, this bacteria is present on the skin lining normal, uninfected nostrils.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in humans, particularly in older children and young adults. It can also cause other respiratory infections such as bronchitis and tracheobronchitis.

Infection from Yersinia typically occurs through consuming contaminated food or water, handling infected animals, or through flea bites. Yersinia can also be transmitted person-to-person through respiratory droplets.

When measuring light scattering it is important to consider the wavelength of light used a bacterial culture. Microorganisms may contain numerous macromolecules that will absorb light, including DNA (254 nm), proteins (280 nm), cytochromes (400-500 nm), and possible cell pigments. When measuring bacteria by light scattering it is best to pick a wavelength where absorption is at a minimum and for most bacterial cultures wavelengths around 600 nm are a good choice. However, the exact wavelength chosen is species specific. It is best to pick a wavelength where absorption is at a minimum.