Black Holes

A shape with a hole in it is called a "torus." It resembles a donut-shaped figure, with a hole in the middle that runs through the center.

Stars have to be 100 times more massive than our sun in order to become a black hole. When the star dies, it explodes violently (which is called a supernova) and then gravitational collapse causes it to form into a black hole.

The answer is more complicated than a mere 'yes' or 'no'. Dr. Stephen Hawking predicted that black holes emit a certain amount of thermal radiation (this became known as Hawking radiation). According to his predictions, the amount of radiation emitted by a particular black hole is inversely proportional to its mass. If he is correct, it means that there is a critical point where the mass of the black hole results in Hawking radiation emissions of a 'temperature' equal to that of the cosmic microwave background, approximately 2.7K (you can think of this as the temperature of space). Any larger, and even the cosmic microwave background serves to feed the black hole. Any smaller, and it will eventually evaporate.

The exact mass needed for such an occurance (the 'critical mass') is not something that can be easily written down. It varies, somewhat, based on the type of black hole. That said, any black holes of mass equal to, or less than, that of the Moon could generally be expected to evaporate over time.

All of this is speculation, however. Any black hole of sufficient mass to remain stable over time will emit so little radiation that it will be indistinguishable from the cosmic microwave background. Only a short lived black hole could be observed in such a manner, and we have yet to observe any.

Dean's Blue Hole was officially explored and discovered in 1970 by a National Geographic Society expedition led by diver Jacques Mayol. However, local fishermen and free divers were likely aware of its existence long before that.

The distance between Earth and a black hole can vary widely depending on the specific black hole in question. Black holes can be located within our own galaxy or in distant galaxies, making the distance range from thousands to millions of light years away.

No, based on our current understanding of physics, a spacecraft would not survive traveling through a black hole. The intense gravitational forces would stretch and compress the spacecraft to the point of destruction.

Black holes can evaporate over time through a process called Hawking radiation, predicted by Stephen Hawking. This occurs when black holes lose mass due to quantum effects near the event horizon, eventually causing them to evaporate completely. However, this process is extremely slow and for all practical purposes, black holes can be considered very long-lived structures in the universe.

A black hole forms when a massive star collapses under its own gravity after running out of nuclear fuel. This collapse causes the star to explode in a supernova and the remaining core implodes, forming a singularity with infinite density and gravity, surrounded by an event horizon from which nothing can escape, including light. This marks the birth of a black hole.

They spotted a bunch of stars orbiting around in the center at crazy speeds around what appears to be nothing but the only thing that could have that much mass to swing those stars around like moons would have to be insanely dense which could only be justified by being a super massive black hole

You can't see it because a black hole is invisable unless it is devouring a star or planet. The one way scientist can find one is that they detect very high levels of radiation. An extremely good place to look is at the centers of galaxies. It appears that every galaxy has a black hole at its center.

A few do. There is a black hole in the constellation Cygnus that is causing intense x-rays as matter falls in from the accretion disk. Since it was the first intense X-ray source that could not be identified as coming from a star, it was named "X-1", and it was much later that it was identified as being a probably black hole.

They now know that it is a binary system with about a 4 million solar mass black hole and a blue giant star orbiting it every 5 days. The intense x-ray bursts are from the black hole pulling in the outer layer of gas from the star at break-neck speeds.

Mostly, the study of black holes is consequential to General Relativity. Black holes were described theoretically before evidence for their existence was collected from astronomical observations. The philosopher and geologist John Michell in the late 18th century described what would happen to infalling matter approaching a body of a certain mass where it had sufficient acceleration from gravity to cause the falling object to approach the speed of light, and proposing the idea that light theoretically emitted by it would be unable to escape; but it wasn't until Einstein's General theory of Relativity (1915) that the framework of gravitation was in place and the reality of black holes could be described mathematically. Building upon Einstein's work, the effect of gravity on light was much better understood and solutions to his field equations yielded much more accurate models of black holes' properties and strong theoretical evidence for their existence. Observational evidence came later, and because black holes cannot emit light, the evidence was indirect, in the form of certain x-ray sources, relativistic jets, quasars or galactic nuclei, and orbital motion of massive bodies. Credit for discovery of the first strong black hole candidate in an x-ray binary system (Cygnus X-1) goes to Bolton, Murdin, and Webster in 1972.

No, not in the sense usually thought of when the word rip is used... there are no ragged edges. But it does produce an isolated area of spacetime from which nothing can return.

The supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy, Sagittarius A*, is roughly 26,000 light-years away from Earth and poses no immediate threat to our planet. Its gravitational effects on Earth are negligible. Earth is not expected to be swallowed by the black hole in the foreseeable future.

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It depends on the mass of the black hole. and what you are fitting the Earths into. Supermassive black holes range from about 1 million to 12 billion times the mass of the sun (330 billion to 4 quadrillion Earth masses). The mass of any black hole is contained in a singularity that has zero volume. The radius of the event horizon is directly proportional to the mass and so the volume is proportional to the cube of the mass.

A 1 million solar mass black hole would have an event horizon about 5.9 million kilometers (3.6 million miles) in diameter or with a volume of 200 quintillion cubic miles. Such a volume would fit about 100 million Earths

The black hole at the center of our galaxy is 4 million solar masses, which would fit about 6.4 billion Earths.

A 12 billion solar mass black hole would fit about 1.7 quintillion Earth volumes in its event horizon.

A good black hole candidate is typically a region in space where high-energy astrophysical phenomena are observed, such as X-ray emissions or gravitational lensing effects, without a visible source of light. This can indicate the presence of a compact and extremely massive object that is likely a black hole.

No, a black hole definitely does not have infinite mass. In some mathematical models, there is an object called a singularity, inside a black hole, which has infinite density. That is not the same as infinite mass. If a finite mass is contained in zero volume, then the density becomes infinite. We do not have any real confirmation that such a thing as a singularity or an infinite density actually exist, but they may.

Typically it will travel at the same speed as stars - since most (or all) black holes were originally stars: a few hundred kilometers per second at most. The supermassive black holes in the center of galaxies will usually stay there, without moving around much.

Poking a hole in the fabric of space and time is a theoretical concept and not something that can be physically done. However, if it were possible, it could lead to catastrophic consequences such as creating a black hole or causing disruptions in the fabric of the universe that could alter physical laws as we know them.

The factor that determines whether a neutron star or a black hole forms after a supernova explosion is the mass of the collapsing core of the star. If the core's mass is between about 1.4 and 3 times the mass of the sun, a neutron star is formed. If the core's mass exceeds about 3 solar masses, a black hole is likely to form.

"The Black Hole" (1979). Stars Maximilian Schell, Anthony Perkins, Robert Forster, Joseph Bottoms, Yvette Mimieux, Ernest Borgnine, Tom McLoughlin.

"Event Horizon" (1997). Stars Laurence Fishburne, Sam Neill.

"The Black Hole" (2006). Stars Kristy Swanson, Judd Nelson.

"Star Trek" (2009). Stars Chris Pine, Zachary Quinto, Leonard Nimoy, Eric Bana, John Cho, Anton Yelchin.

The radius of the event horizon of a black hole can be approximated by its Schwarzschild radius which is given by the formula r=2GM/(c^2) where G is Newton's gravitational constant, M is the object's mass, and c is the speed of light. Standard units for mass and speed are kilograms and meters per second respectively, yielding a radius in meters. For a 7 solar mass black hole the Scwarzschild radius would be about 20.67 kilometers. So the event horizon would be about 40.34 kilometers across.

Yes, Einstein's equation E=mc^2 applies to black holes as well. In the context of black holes, mass is converted to energy as matter falls into the black hole. This energy can be observed in the form of radiation emitted by the black hole, known as Hawking radiation.

Black holes can nevr be seen in space. Space is black and so are black holes. People can only see black holes because of the light around the black hole. When a black hole is consuming a giant star, you can see the light around the entire black hole. That's when you know that there is a black hole in the middkle of all that light.