Cellular Respiration

Oxygen is required as the last electron carrier for the electron transport chain, or ETC. The ETC is necessary to aerobically process NADH, FADH2, and the other energy carrying products of the citric acid cycle. If there is no oxygen, then it is inefficient for the body to run the CAC, thus only glycolysis is performed, and the produced NADH is processed by anaerobic means to free up more NAD+ for continued processing. However, the amount of energy generated by anaerobic means is far less than that produced by aerobic means.

Yes, some cells can have only one mitochondrion, though this is relatively uncommon. For instance, certain unicellular organisms, like some types of yeasts or bacteria, may contain a single mitochondrion, while specialized cells in multicellular organisms may also exhibit a very low number of mitochondria. However, most eukaryotic cells typically contain multiple mitochondria to meet their energy demands.

The four main steps of cellular respiration are glycolysis, the Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle), the electron transport chain, and oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP. The Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondria and processes the pyruvate to generate electron carriers. Finally, the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation produce the majority of ATP by transferring electrons and utilizing oxygen to form water.

Energy derived from cellular respiration originates primarily from the breakdown of glucose, which can be obtained from carbohydrates in the diet. Additionally, fats and proteins can also serve as alternative sources of energy when glucose is scarce. During cellular respiration, these macromolecules undergo a series of biochemical reactions, ultimately converting their stored energy into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell. This process occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells, involving glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

We just talked about O2 binding and releasing [4 O2's at a time] from haemoglobin molecules that transport oxygen through the blood. The poisonous nature of CO comes from the fact that while it readily binds to haemoglobin it will not disassociate! Carbon monoxide poisoning [lack of O2 supply] results.

stomata are found only in plants cells, but mitochondria are in both plant and animal cells. remember, they both perform cellular respiration, which occurs in the mitochondria

The letters that indicate substances needed by the leaf to carry out aerobic cellular respiration are "O" for oxygen and "C" for glucose (or carbohydrates). During this process, oxygen is used to help convert glucose into energy, carbon dioxide, and water. These substances are essential for the leaf to efficiently perform cellular respiration and produce the energy required for its functions.