Photosynthesis:

• occurs in plants and some bacteria.
• only occurs in the presence of sunlight/UV light
• occurs within the chloroplasts.
• requires chlorophyll
• uses water, light energy and carbon dioxide
• produces oxygen and glucose (which are the reactants of cellular respiration)
• captures light energy to store as chemical energy
• builds up the plant's energy stores
• chemical formula is 6CO2 + 6H2O (+ light energy) C6H12O6 + 6O2
• is an anabolic reaction, i.e. simple molecules are built up into complex ones
• occurs in two phases: the light and dark reactions
• uses NADP to carry hydrogen ions
• is an endothermic process
• results in the production of carbohydrates
• captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy
• energy is solar energy converted to chemical energy

Cellular Respiration

• occurs in plants and animals.
• occurs at all times in all living organisms
• occurs within the cytoplasm and mitochondria.
• does not require chlorophyll
• uses oxygen and glucose
• produces energy (in the form of ATP), carbon dioxide, and water (which are the reactants of photosynthesis)
• chemical formula is C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)
• is a catabolic reaction, i.e. complex molecules are broken down to simpler ones
• occurs in three phases: glycolysis, Krebs and the ETS
• uses NAD+ to carry hydrogen ions
• Is an exothermic process.
• Involves the use/consumption of carbohydrates
• takes the chemical energy resulting from photosynthesis and breaks it down, releasing energy
• energy is the stored chemical energy that originated from photosynthesis; this chemical energy is converted to other kinds of energy like heat and motion (energy required for cellular processes to occur.)

The general equation for aerobic respiration is as follows:

Organic compounds + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy

Usually the organic compound is glucose, but other nutrients can be involved as well. The specific equation for glucose (and is most commonly used) is:

C6H12O6+ 6 O2→ 6 CO2+ 6 H2O + Energy (34-36 ATP + heat)

Alcohol Fermentation

Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide + Energy (2 ATP)

C6H12O6→ 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 + Energy (2 ATP)

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Glucose → Lactic Acid + Energy (2 ATP)

C6H12O6 → C3H6O3 + Energy (2 ATP)

EASY TO UNDERSTAND BASICS ABOUT CELLULAR RESPIRATION:

Respiration is the process by which cells obtain energy from glucose. During respiration, cells break down simple food molecules, such as sugar, and release the energy they contain. Respiration is carried out continuously by plant cells, as well as animal cells. This process begins in the cytoplasm, where molecules of glucose are broken down into smaller molecules. Oxygen is not involved, and only a small amount of energy is released. Next, the process moves on to the mitochondria, where the small molecules are broken down into even smaller molecules. These chemical reactions require oxygen, and they release a great deal of energy. This energy is still stored in the form of chemical energy, but now it is stored in molecules that are readily used by the cell. The three final products are carbon dioxide, water, and energy.

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Cellular respiration is a cellular process that requires oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide in order to obtain energy for the organism. That's a brief meaning so see the Related Link below for more info.

In brief, there are 3 stages: Glycolysis, the Kreb's Cycle, and Oxidative Phosphorylation (or Electron Transport Chain). Cellular respiration takes place near or in the mitochrondria, an organelle in all eukaryotic cells.

In Glycolysis, a sugar is taken in and, through a bit of energy stored in Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), it gives off some electrons which are stored, and it splits into Pyruvic acid.

In the Kreb's Cycle, the Pyruvic acid gives off more electrons and cycles through, some of it becoming carbon dioxide.

In Oxidative Phosphorylation (Electron Transport Chain), the stored electrons "pump" hydrogen cations (positive ion) to one side of the inner mitochondria membrane. Due to the high concentration, the hydrogen cations flow back through a protein that makes a lot of ATP. For every sugar molecule, it makes about 60 of these. The oxygen is taken in here to take care of the hydrogen ions- it becomes water.
it converts energy in food into a more usable form!
The chemical process that generates most of the energy in the cell, supplying molecules needed to make the metabolic reactions of an organism run.

The formula for aerobic respiration is as follows:

Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (34-36 ATP + heat)

As you can see, the products are:

• Carbon dioxide
• Water
• Energy as ATP (34-36)

In alcohol fermentation (anaerobic), the products are:

• Ethanol
• Carbon dioxide
• Energy (2 ATP)

In lactic acid fermentation (anaerobic), the products are:

• Lactic acid
• Energy (2 ATP)

The waste products of cellular respiration are carbon dioxide, water and ATP (adedenisine triphosphate a.k.a energy)

The equation goes:

glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water +ATP

In common usage there is no difference between "breathing" and "respiration." Both terms are used to describe the process of bringing air into the lungs, exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide and expelling the stale air. For example, the medical profession speaks of "respiration rate" to describe the number of inspiration cycles per unit time that a patient has.

Getting a bit more specific, respiration is actually a broader category than breathing, since there are methods of gaseous exchange that do not require breathing. Insects, for example, do not breathe, but do respire.

Breathing may be considered the physical action your whole body goes through to begin the process of respiration. Respiration is the action of removing air from the atmosphere, replacing it with the carbon dioxide in the blood stream, and moving that back into the atmosphere.

There is also a process called "cellular respiration" which is very different from the breathing/respiration of complex organism. Cellular respiration is the means by which individual cells use oxygen from the blood stream in combination with a sugar to release energy.

Cellular Respiration: The chemical reaction that occurs within cells to produce energy. It is essential for bodily function as it provides energy. The chemical equation for cellular respiration is:

Glucose + Oxygen => Carbon Dioxide + water + energy.

OR

(Sugar) + Oxygen => Energy (Carbon Dioxide and water)

OR

The scientific equation is:

C6H12+O2=6Co2+6H2o+ENERGY

Breathing or bodily respiration: The mechanical process that allows air to be transported into the lungs for the diffusion of oxygen into the bloodstream and diffusion of carbon dioxide into lungs which is then transported out.

(BREATHING IS AN EXCHANGE OF GASES)