Chromatography

Many of the pieces are valued at a price close to $10 to $15 each, The amount will vary depending upon the exact piece and the condition that it is in.

Because it postulates that the nuclei is in the center and electrons are spinning around the nuclei on its orbitals which is very similar to the planetary model of our solar system.

The Rf value is the "ratio to the front." Hence the R and the f. It is defined as the ration of the distance traveled by a spot (measured from the center) to the distance traveled by the solvent.

i honestly don't know I'm guessing $40-$100

it can be used in everyday life by liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, thin-layer chromatographyand paper chromatography.

stationary phase stays at the bottom of the paper chromatography while mobile phase is moving on the stationary phase and move on stationary phase till it gets its right place on the top of the paper or somwhere else.

Chromatography is physical techniques for separation.

The method involves the dissolution of the materials in a mobile phase, then forced through a stationary phase in which the components of the sample separate.

On the basis of their solubility in particular substances.

yes

A lid is used in chromatography to prevent the evaporation of solvents and to maintain a consistent atmosphere within the developing chamber. This helps to ensure that the solvent front moves uniformly and reduces the risk of contamination from external sources. Additionally, it aids in maintaining the proper humidity and pressure conditions, leading to more reliable and reproducible results.

Liquid chromatography (LC) encompasses all chromatographic techniques using liquid mobile phase, including planar chromatography (paper chromatography and thin-layer chromatography) and column chromatography (classical column chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography on packed and capillary columns).

The term liquid chromatography is nowadays often used as a sinonim for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC).

Pour the oil and sand in a glass of water. The sand will sink to the bottom, and the oil will float to the top of the water.

First you but the solution in a flask, then heat this up with a Bunsen burner. the steam or water particles then go down the condenser pipe where the water particles are cooled, then the water particles turn in water again at the other end in a vile.

In paper chromatography n-butanol:acetic acid:water mixture in the ratio 4:1:1 is used as a solvent whereas in case of thin layer chromatography(TLC) petroleum ether and acetone in the ratio 9:1 is used as a solvent.

Also, in some cases, DCM(dichloromethane is used as a solvent.

You can use the filter paper or chromatography paper to separate the different components in black ink.

yes they do

a. For qualitative analysis - determination of components not the amount

b. Separtion and identification purposes

c. Determination of biological and pharmaceutical materials

Yes, spectrophotometry can be used in the determination of the concentration of the colorless solutes. Different solutes will rise to a different degree.

Paper chromatography is an important separation technique that depends upon differences in how strongly the dyes are adsorbed onto the paper (stationary phase) and how soluble the dyes are in the developing solvent (mobile phase). In paper chromatography, a small amount of the mixture to be separated is placed close to the edge of a piece of paper. The edge of the paper is then immersed in a developing solution. As the developing solution ascends up the paper by capillary action, the. components of the sample are carried along at different rates. To prevent evaporation of the developing solution, this process is carried out in a closed container. Each component of the mixture will move a definite distance on the paper in proportion to the distance that the solvent moves. This ratio, Hf = distance component moves/distance solution moves, can be calculated for each component to aid In identification. Hf values are dependent upon the paper, the developing solution, and the amount of sample used. Candies, such as Mix's or Skittles, contain FD&C dyes, sugar, and other organic and Inorganic substances In their coatings. If the coating is dissolved in an acidic solution, the FD&C dyes can be adsorbed from the solution by wool. The dyes can be released from the wool in an alkaline environment. Thus the dyes can be separated from other substances in the coatings. This simplified equation represents the equilibrium involved: Wool + Dye + H+ <====> Dyed Wool+ A solution of ammonia can be used to supply sufficient OH- to reduce the concentration of the H+ and shift the equilibrium to the left releasing the dyes.

advantage: not very good bad to enviroment farting will help break down poo

No, because the distance a compound moved in relation to the solvent front is relative. The higher up the solvent front the greater the distance travelled by the compound. Remembering that Rf is always <1.

Predicting whether or not there is a particular substance in your given compound, such as detecting drugs in the urine.

Depending on the ink and the solvent used for the chromatography, the ink might also migrate and be separated into its components or smear over the paper. With the graphite of a pencil, this will not happen.

you put the blob off a blob off the substance you want to test on to a piece of chromotography paper about 10mm from the bottom then fill a flask about 20mm and let the bottom of the paper sit in the water if the substance is pure then there will only be one colour goes up the paper.