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Circuits

Overachieving and under-appreciated, circuits are the foundation that our technological society is built on. Now's your chance to find out not only how they work, but why. Questions regarding the physics behind voltage, resistance, capacitance, inductance, transistors, LEDs, switches, and power supplies; and how they're used to create analog and digital circuits, should be directed here.

1,646 Questions

Do electrolytic capacitors generally have polarity?

Yes. Electrolytic capacitors are polarized.

Capacitors with positive and negative poles generally have positive and negative marks. Generally, for capacitors with pins, the long end of the pin is the positive electrode. For cylindrical electrolytic capacitors, there will be a vertical line printed on the negative side of the capacitor. SMD capacitors generally have no positive and negative poles.

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The opposition to the flow of electrical current?

In a DC circuit . . . resistance.

In an AC circuit . . . impedance.

What is a cranking transformer?

it is a transformer tht when u crank the crank, it walks

What are the main components of a circuit?

bulb , bulb holder , wires and bataries are main compoments of a circuir

How do a circuit tester works?

by sending electricity through them

What are the advantages and disadvantages of series circuits?

There are no particular advantages or disadvantages of series or parallel circuits. Some circuits require one while other circuits require the other. Frequency filters often require one or the other depending on whether you need a pass or rejection filter.

An electric dc circuit is attached to a 12 volt battery and has a 3ohm resistor in it What is the current flowing through the circuit?

The current depends on the total effecvtive resistance of everything connected

across the battery.

If the resistor is the only component there, then the current is E/R = 12/3 = 4 amperes.

Which ttl ic is equivalent to lm 4017 ic decade counter?

The 4017 is a 5-stage divide-by-10 "Johnson counter" with 10 decoded outputs

and a carry out bit. The 4000 series are CMOS devices.

In TTL, the 74142 is also designed as a decade counter, which makes it functionally

equivalent to the primary mission of the 4017. But it can't be called "equivalent" in

any other respect, because of the usual wide array of differences in power requirements

and input and output impedances between CMOS and TTL technology.

Why are mechanical and electrical interlocks used in certain motor control circuits?

Interlocking systems are used mainly where definite operating and sequential procedures are to be followed. Applications are generally where the safety of a person working on equipment is in danger by someone inadvertently turning on the equipment and thereby inflicting injury.

Another application for interlocking systems is for access control. A simple, robust system, requiring no power, can be installed disallowing access by unauthorised persons into various areas of buildings, factories, plants etcetera. The limitations of interlocks are boundless and applications for safety or other reasons exist in all areas of industry.

Explain why the boiler and pump are a model for the cell in a circuit?

think of a circuit with a cell , wires and a bulb. now think about a boiler and pump, pipes and a radiator. the cell is like the boiler and pump because it has the energy. the pipes are like the wires because they transfer the energy. the bulb is like the radiator because they use the energy changing it into light energy and heat energy when referring to them especially.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of resistors?

Advantages - very cheap, and easy to replace. Since they fail open circuit, a small low value resistor can be used instead of a more expensive fuse.

Disadvantage = waste power, by turning it to heat. If you follow the link below and study the circuit diagram you will see that current is flowing in both Rb1 and Rb2 even when there is no signal being amplified. That "quiescent current" is wasted because it is not achieving anything and power is consumed through the production of heat.

What does a Photo diode do?

It converts light into an electrical signal. Opposite of what an LED does.

David Gallardo ATX

A 7812 transistor is pnp type?

The 7812 is not a transistor. It is an integrated circuit, a voltage regulator designed to regulate an input voltage down to 12 volts output. It typically comes in a TO-220 case, and has three leads, so it sure does look like a transistor though!

Why is the and gate called the and gate?

Because if input A *and* input B is true, then the output is true!

Truth table of AND gate:

┌─┬─╥───────┐

│A│B║Q (Output)│

├─┼─╫───────┤

│0│0║0..............│

├─┼─╫───────┤

│0│1║0............. │

├─┼─╫───────┤

│1│0║0............. │

├─┼─╫───────┤

│1│1║1............. │

└─┴─╨───────┘