Civil Engineering

Both mechanical engineering and civil engineering basically deal with mechanics - studies of forces and their effects over a stationary body or a body in motion. Mechanical engineers, as the name suggests, use principles of mechanics as well as thermodynamics to design machines like steam engines, petrol engines, diesel engines, boilers, etc. Whereas a civil engineer uses principles of mechanics as well as the knowledge of properties of materials to design buildings, dams, bridges, harbors, airports etc.

Depends on the fiberglass and how it's been made up- I build model boats with fiberglass hulls that can be flexed about to a certain extent, but too far and it'll just snap Hope this helps -Dan

working stress: in this a structure is designed by considering the stresses in its working condition..
Limit state: In this the structure is designed by considering the stresses at different limit states. there are two limit states. ultimate limit state (situation in which structure collapse) and servicability limit state (situation in which cracks etc appears.)

No a lb of bricks and a pound of feathers is still a pound same with concrete and iron

It is a period considered appropriate to the function of the road. An arbitrary design period (say 25 years) needs to be chosen to enable the design of the road pavement to be developed. The determination of the total traffic the road will experience is a function of the design life chosen, and an estimate of the steady traffic growth expected over that period (say 2%). The resulting Design Traffic calculation is then used to determine what thickness the pavement should be to handle the stresses exerted on it from road vehicles over 25 years. It is accepted that after 25 years the pavement will likely need some sort of rehabilitation or construction, and the design process starts over again.

Domes are strong because tensile stresses are eliminated and all the forces are resolved into compressive stresses.

All the compressive forces acting on a dome hold it together in a state of equilibrium.

step 1-sight cleaning.

step 2-excavation of sight.

step 3-prepration of sub grade layer.

step 4=prepration of base layer.

step 5-prepration of base course.

dean

52.5 N refers to normal set time and 52.5 R is a rapid set time.

whatpropertiesoftorsteel

Cement, sand, gravel and water are the most commonly used minimum ingredients to make concrete.

However various types of admixtures can be added while making concrete to enhance its properties such as workability, setting time, strength, permiability, durability, chemical resistance, etc.

The first advantage is that is lessens the effects of longshore drift on a beach. The second advantage is that is also builds up part of the beaches with the sand becoming deeper

None! A tank at atmospheric pressure already has an absolute pressure of 1.013 bar.

Plinth beam is provided to

1. support the wall above it

2. act as tie beam for columns

fly ash brick have light weight over the clay brick...

but the mechanical bonding strength is weak but this can be rectified by adding marble waste....this s one of the disadvn

Stortz connections are used to connected lengths of fire department water supply hose, or to connect a fire pumper to a structure's sprinkler and/or standpipe system. They provide a 1/4 turn 'sexless' connection, which is normally faster and easier to complete than a threaded coupling.

The type of connection used to supply a structure is regulated by the fire code that applies to the jusisdiction where the structure is located. Designers and engineers should consult with their local Fire Marshal to determine the correct type of connection for their local.

Using this type of connection for fire department supply hose depends on the standard operating procedures for hose in place at the fire department. Designers and engineers should conact their Fire Chief's office to determine these procedures.

the beam supportion

http://www.gg.uwyo.edu/content/laboratory/structure/stress/confining.asp?callNumber=11111&SubcallNumber=11111&color=FD0038&requestor=lab

The fundamental building period is simply the inverse of the building frequency at the lowest harmonic - easy right? Basically, every system has a set of frequencies in which it "wants" to vibrate when set in motion by some sort of disturbance (in building design, typically a seismic or wind event) based on the system's mass and stiffness characteristics. The shortest frequency is known as the natural frequency. The inverse of frequency is the period of the system, and more specifically, the inverse of the natural frequency is the fundamental period.

A Warren Truss Bridge is used to cross certain obstacles. The Warren Truss bridge is Constructed with equilateral triangles so, this relieves of Compression and Tension.

an arch bridge weakness is not having enough streanth to hold up the middle

• Mix ratio for M5 concrete is 1:1.5:3
• compressive strength is 20N/mm2 @ 28 days.
• 1 part of cement, 1.5 part of sand, 3 parts of coarse aggregate.

When a centrifugal pump operates at its best efficiency point (BEP), the flow angles match with the impeller vane angles. At the BEP, the flow velocity in the volute is uniform around the volute (i.e., there is not acceleration of the fluid in the volute). Therefore, the pressure around the volute is uniform. The uniform pressure around the circumference results in a net zero radial force on the impeller (or the shaft). Note this is theoretical. In practice even at BEP, there is a small radial load because the pressure is not uniform.

If the pump is operated away from the BEP, the flow velocities in the volute are non-uniform which results in a non-uniform pressure field and a net radial load (can be obtained by integrating the pressure around the circumference of the volute or the impeller).

This is a continuous strip of concrete which support load bearing walls which sit on the centre of the foundation.