Database Programming

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

#define f(x) (sin(x*x))

void main()

{

float a,b,h,x,s,n,aaa,h1,h2,p=0.0,p1=0.0,pp,sum,k,i=0.0;

int j=1,co;

clrscr();

printf("\n Plese Enter lower limit :");

scanf("%f",&a);

printf("\n Plese Enter upper limit :");

scanf("%f",&b);

printf("\n Plese Enter the number of Intervales::");

scanf("%f",&n);

h=(b-a)/n; //Calculiting the value of h

printf("The ..................=%f",h);

x=a+h;

s=f(a)+f(b); //Calculiting the First term & last term

while(j<n)

{

if((j%2)==0) //checking even and odd terms

i=i+(2*f(x)); //Calculiting the even terms

else

i=i+(4*f(x)); //Calculiting the odd terms

x=x+h;

j++;

}

i=(h/3)*(i+s); //putting all data in to the formula

printf("\nThe value of the integral is %f",i);

// part is for Error calculation

h1=b-h; h2=a+h;

pp=(7*(f(h2)+f(h1)));

sum=a-h;

k=b+h;

x=a+(2*h);

for(co=2;co<n-2;co++)

{

if(co%2==0)

p=p+(f(x));

else

p1=p1+(f(x));

x=x+h;

}

aaa=(-(h/90))*( ( f(sum)+f(k) )-4*(s) +7*( f(h1) )-(8*p)+(8*p1) );

printf("\nThe Error is= %f",aaa);

getch();

}

Insert into

Average

- To make sure the source data are well defined, documented.

- To ensure data accuracy.

- To ensure data completeness.

- To ensure data consistency.

- To ensure the reliability of the data collected.

1. This makes the Tree more complex.

as we need to keep the record of node's Predecessor and successor

2. Postorder traversal is too complex and there might be changes of errors when

both the child are not present & both values of nodes pointer to their

Predecessor.

-Snehal Javheri

Sort refers to the action wherein the data fetched from a database table is ordered as per a specific criteria. The default order of sort is Ascending and the user can do a descending sort by using the keyword DESC after the order by keyword.

Ex: select * from employee_details order by employee_num desc

If the above statement is executed data will be displayed in descending order of employee numbers.

Field size

these are some measures to secure and main5ain data integrity Software Restrictions: passwords, encryption, virus protection,

firewall; physical access restrictions: biometric systems, guards,

locks; fire/water proof cabinets; archiving; backup and recovery

procedures; propriety data and software.

this cam from the cxc sullybus for 2011

A stack is a data structure in which last item inserted is taken out first . That's why they are known as LIFO (last in first out). Inserting an item in stack is termed as push and taking an item out from stack I s termed as pop. Some applications of stack are : Polish notation, reversing string, backtracking , quick sort algorithm etc. The queue is a linear data structure where operations od insertion and deletion are performed at separate ends also known as front and rear. Queue is a FIFO structure that is first in first out. Whenever a new item is added to queue, rear pointer is used. and the front pointer is used when an item is deleted from the queue.

A database administrator is a person who works in IT and who has a bachelor's degree in computer science, information technology or engineering. The duties involve designing and developing databases, improving performance of databases and system monitoring.

Because it uniquely identifies each record in that table, No two records can have the exact same entry in the field designated as the primary key.

database management systems

primary key is a column or set of columns (called composite primary key ) that identify the table & make every table unique .
value of a primary key can not duplicated & can not be NULL .

The only difference between the private and the nonprofit sector, where you find the government and private nonprofit entities, is that you do not have an equity section. A government does not have shareholders in the private sense. It is owned by its citizens as a commonwealth.

A private nonprofit does not have shareholders either because there is nothing to share. They receive donations, not revenues. However, they can run a small, revenue earning business. That would have to be accounted for separately from the actual operation of the nonprofit because running a store is not a charitable activity even when the merchandise is sold at cost.

An nonprofit organization can have different operations. It can allocate a budget to each and then incur expenses. When it eliminates any operation, it then has a discontinued operation. After all, you either list it as part of operations, or as discontinued this year and not at all in the next. Either way, an entity has to account for changes in operations. I already mentioned the store above. That is an operation. For a nonpublic entity, there is a limit to how much revenue it can generate. Above that amount, it may have to be spun off because it erodes the tax exempt status of the nonpublic, i.e. private nonprofit.

There are several different types of data. Some include qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative is data that is not numeric and quantitative data is numerical.

advantages of cost management in relation to finacial efficiency

transitive dependency

A constraint has a limit as for criteria: to end a loop Excel Questions

Organizing.

What is central hierarchical database?

it keeps it neat and organized

Platform