Decade - 1910s

During World War I, punishments for not following orders could be severe, ranging from demotion and confinement to court-martial and execution. Soldiers who were deemed to have committed acts of insubordination or cowardice often faced disciplinary measures, including imprisonment or hard labor. In extreme cases, especially for those accused of desertion, military tribunals could impose the death penalty. The strict enforcement of discipline was critical to maintaining order and effectiveness in the ranks during the war.

Alexander the Great founded or renamed over 20 cities after himself, the most famous being Alexandria in Egypt. These cities often served as administrative centers and symbols of his conquests. Many of them were strategically located to promote trade and military presence throughout his empire.

The Mexican Constitution of 1917 introduced significant reforms aimed at addressing social inequalities and curbing the power of foreign interests. It established labor rights, land reforms to redistribute land to peasants, and limitations on the Church’s influence by promoting secular education. Additionally, it enshrined civil liberties, such as freedom of speech and assembly, and set the groundwork for a more democratic government structure. Overall, it marked a pivotal moment in Mexico's transition towards a more equitable society following the Mexican Revolution.

Huey P. Long, the former Governor of Louisiana and U.S. Senator, authored several writings, but he is most known for his book "Every Man a King," published in 1933. This book outlines his political philosophy and vision for America. While he contributed to various articles and speeches, he did not write a large number of books. Overall, Long's literary output is limited primarily to this key work.

A century ago, in the 1920s, houses varied widely based on location, style, and socioeconomic status. In urban areas, many people lived in row houses or apartments, while suburban areas featured smaller single-family homes, often in styles like Craftsman or Colonial Revival. Rural homes typically were simpler, often built with local materials and designed for practicality. Overall, homes reflected the architectural trends of the time and the needs of the families who occupied them.

Today, women can vote, pursue higher education, and have careers in fields previously dominated by men, such as science, technology, engineering, and politics. They also have more legal rights regarding property ownership, divorce, and reproductive choices. Socially, women can express their opinions publicly and advocate for equality, significantly shaping societal norms and policies. Overall, the advancements in gender equality have expanded women's roles and opportunities in many aspects of life.

During World War I, Germans angered Americans primarily through unrestricted submarine warfare, notably the sinking of the RMS Lusitania in 1915, which killed 128 Americans. Additionally, the revelation of the Zimmermann Telegram in 1917, in which Germany proposed a military alliance with Mexico against the United States, further inflamed public sentiment. These actions, among others, contributed to the shift in American opinion towards entering the war on the side of the Allies.

Piet Mondrian's painting "Composition No. 11" sold for $50.5 million at a Sotheby's auction in 2015. This sale marked a significant milestone, making it one of the most expensive works by a Dutch artist ever sold at auction. Mondrian's distinct style, characterized by geometric forms and primary colors, continues to attract high values in the art market.

Piet Mondrian's art is held in various prestigious institutions around the world, including the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City, the Tate Modern in London, and the Gemeentemuseum in The Hague, Netherlands, which houses the largest collection of his works. Additionally, many of his pieces are featured in temporary exhibitions and private collections globally. His influence and legacy continue to be celebrated in museums dedicated to modern art.

Around 100 years ago, women were typically expected to marry in their late teens to early twenties, often between ages 18 and 22. Societal norms and economic factors largely influenced this expectation, as marriage was often seen as a key transition into adulthood. Women were usually encouraged to marry young to fulfill traditional roles as wives and mothers. This trend varied by region and social class, but early marriage was common in many cultures.

Democratic ideas in colonial America originated from a blend of Enlightenment philosophy, British political traditions, and the unique experiences of the colonies themselves. Influential thinkers like John Locke emphasized natural rights and government by consent, which resonated with colonists who valued individual liberties and self-governance. Additionally, the colonial practice of town meetings and representative assemblies fostered a sense of political participation. These elements combined to cultivate a growing desire for democratic governance, setting the stage for future independence.

One hundred years ago, No. 1 oil, also known as kerosene or coal oil, was primarily used for lighting lamps and heating homes. It served as a popular fuel source for early oil lamps before the widespread adoption of electricity. Additionally, it was utilized in cooking and as a solvent in various industrial applications. Its versatility made it an essential commodity during that era.

The Allied Powers emerged victorious in World War I, which lasted from 1914 to 1918. Key members of the Allies included France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, and the United States, among others. The war concluded with the signing of several treaties, most notably the Treaty of Versailles in 1919, which imposed significant penalties and territorial losses on the Central Powers, particularly Germany.

During World War I, children's lives were profoundly affected by the conflict, as many experienced the harsh realities of war. They often faced food shortages, disrupted education, and the trauma of losing family members. In some regions, children were recruited for labor in factories or agriculture to support the war effort. Additionally, the emotional toll of the war, compounded by propaganda and the experiences of displacement, shaped their childhoods in ways that would resonate throughout their lives.

Yes, I can create photographs differently than 100 years ago due to advancements in technology and techniques. Modern digital cameras, smartphones, and editing software allow for greater precision, creativity, and instant feedback, which were not available in the past. Additionally, the use of artificial intelligence and various digital platforms has transformed how images are captured, processed, and shared, offering a broader range of possibilities than traditional film photography.

In World War I, the rank higher than a colour sergeant is a sergeant major. A sergeant major typically oversees multiple soldiers and is responsible for administrative tasks within a company or battalion. Above the sergeant major, ranks continue to include warrant officers and commissioned officers, such as lieutenants and captains.

Frank Butler, the prominent American athlete and businessman, died from complications related to pneumonia on May 27, 1968. His health had been declining due to various ailments prior to his death. Butler was known for his contributions to sports, particularly in the field of golf.

In World War I, "Jerry" was a slang term used by British soldiers to refer to German soldiers. The term likely derived from the German name "Jeremiah," which was associated with the German military helmet, known as the Pickelhaube, that resembled a "Jerry" figure. It reflected the dehumanizing attitudes common in wartime propaganda, where adversaries were often given derogatory nicknames to foster animosity and camaraderie among troops.

World War I was characterized by several main problems, including the entangled system of alliances that drew multiple countries into conflict, leading to a widespread and devastating war. The use of trench warfare resulted in horrific casualties and a stalemate on the Western Front, causing immense suffering and disillusionment. Additionally, economic strain and social unrest in various nations contributed to political instability, ultimately setting the stage for further conflicts in the future. The war also highlighted the limitations of diplomacy and the dire consequences of militarism and nationalism.

In the 1920s, several factors contributed to the outward expansion of cities, notably the rise of the automobile, which made commuting easier and encouraged suburban development. The availability of affordable housing and the construction of new roadways facilitated this movement, allowing people to live farther from their workplaces. Additionally, the growth of industries and the desire for more space and greenery led families to seek homes outside urban centers, fostering the growth of suburbs. This shift marked a significant transformation in urban planning and living patterns during the decade.

N.C.W. refers to the land claims process as a farce because it often involves lengthy bureaucratic procedures that can feel disingenuous and unproductive for Indigenous communities. They argue that the process frequently prioritizes governmental interests over genuine reconciliation, leading to outcomes that do not adequately address historical injustices. Additionally, the perceived lack of meaningful engagement and respect for Indigenous sovereignty can further undermine the legitimacy of the process.

When World War I began in 1914, the United States adopted a policy of neutrality, aiming to avoid involvement in the European conflict. President Woodrow Wilson emphasized this stance, believing that the U.S. should act as a mediator rather than a participant. This policy was largely supported by the American public, who were wary of being drawn into foreign wars. However, economic ties with the Allies and growing tensions eventually led to a shift in this neutral position by 1917.

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, adopted in 1789 during the French Revolution, proclaimed the rights of the citizens of the French Republic. It established fundamental principles such as liberty, equality, and fraternity, asserting that all men are born free and equal in rights. The declaration laid the groundwork for civil liberties and the framework of a democratic government in France. It emphasized the sovereignty of the people and the importance of individual rights within the state.

About 100 years ago, women's underpants typically resembled bloomers or knickers, often made of cotton or linen. They were loose-fitting, knee-length garments with an elastic waistband, sometimes featuring lace or embroidery. The design prioritized comfort and modesty, reflecting the fashion norms of the early 20th century. These undergarments were quite different from the more form-fitting styles that would emerge later in the century.

The morale of soldiers in World War I varied significantly over time and among different units. Initially, many soldiers felt a sense of patriotism and duty, driven by nationalistic fervor and the belief in a quick victory. However, as the war dragged on and the realities of trench warfare, constant casualties, and harsh living conditions set in, morale often plummeted, leading to disillusionment and despair. Factors such as camaraderie, shared experiences, and the hope for peace sometimes helped maintain morale even amidst the horrors of war.