Ecosystems

Shiwaliks are the outermost range of Himalayas. These ranges are composed of unconsolidated sediments brought down by rivers from the main Himalayan ranges located farther north

Geologically the Shiwalik Hill ranges are older than Himalayas

When biotic factors (living things) and abiotic factors (non-living things) interact, they form ecosystems. Ecosystems are defined by the interactions between living organisms and their physical environment, such as plants, animals, soil, water, and air. These interactions are essential for maintaining the balance and sustainability of the ecosystem.

Phytoplankton are primary producers at the base of the marine food chain, providing food for various organisms including zooplankton, fish, and whales. They also play a crucial role in global carbon cycling by absorbing carbon dioxide during photosynthesis and releasing oxygen into the atmosphere. Overall, phytoplankton are essential for marine ecosystems' productivity and health.

No. Things are produced from raw materials, and consumed by others. But the "things" - whatever they are, from leaves to airplanes - don't live or last forever. Something or someone needs to convert the dead or useless "things" back into reusable materials.

Trees and other plants grow, consuming elements from the soil, water from the rain, and carbon dioxide from the air. They produce leaves, fruit, and seeds. Animals eat the leaves and fruit (and other animals will eat THESE animals), and also consume water. The digestive systems of the various animals have their own "decomposers", converting food and water into feces and urine. Bacteria and scavenger animals convert the feces, urine, and the bodies of dead animals back into nutrients for trees and plants.

Nemo, the clownfish from the movie "Finding Nemo," lives in a coral reef ecosystem. Coral reefs are diverse and vibrant marine ecosystems that provide shelter, food, and protection for many different species of marine life.

Ecological succession begins after disturbances like fires, floods, or human activities disrupt an ecosystem. This disruption creates opportunities for new plant and animal species to establish themselves and gradually change the structure and composition of the ecosystem over time.

Shallow ponds contain shallow water. Deep ponds with straight, vertical sides contain deep water. Deep ponds with sloped sides contain deep water where it is deepest, and shallower water at the shallowest points of the gradient nearest the water's edge.

If you empty a pond, it will contain neither shallow nor deep water, but a similar model of air depth to that outlined above if one considers the interface between the pond's contained air and the air above it to be located approximately where the water level would be in a filled pond.

Maintaining buoyancy in an empty pond is problematic, as is swimming, but in a sufficiently shallow pond, all one would need to do is stand up and walk to shore. Falling into an empty pond, especially from any great height, is probably not favourable compared to falling into a filled pond... unless you are unable to swim, in which case, apart from the possibility of harm resulting from the fall, you may prefer to get muddy as opposed to drowning.

'Shallow' and 'deep' are subjective. A deep pond is shallower than a deeper pond, but deeper than a shallow pond, while the shallow pond may be deeper than a shallower pond, which would presumably be deeper than a puddle (which we can presume is shallowest, though there is no hard and fast rule regarding the depth of puddles, and a sufficiently deep depression may fill to a level that makes it as deep as- or deeper than- a shallow pond).

food chains show what animals eat other animals. like

leaves-caterpillars-bird

or

grasses-kangaroo rat- kit fox-bob cat.

Clear cutting a forest disrupts the energy flow and nutrient cycle by removing the vegetation that plays a crucial role in both processes. It can lead to soil erosion, loss of nutrients, and decrease in biodiversity. The disturbance can also impact water quality and exacerbate climate change through the release of stored carbon.

Biotic, they are living because they are a type of plankton.

A diverse range of plant and animal species interacting in a balanced way, sustainable resource availability, and efficient nutrient cycling are all factors that can lead to ecosystem stability. Additionally, minimal human disruption or intervention can help promote natural balance and resilience within the ecosystem.

parts of ecosystems may be in another ecosystem, like say a evergreen pine tree was covered in water , or the land was flooded, that would be a part of land-based ecosystem in an aquatic ecosystem.

In an ecosystem, energy is converted through the process of photosynthesis, where plants and other producers convert sunlight into chemical energy. This energy is then transferred through the food chain as organisms consume each other. Eventually, energy is lost as heat during metabolic processes, completing the energy flow cycle in the ecosystem.

Changes in the plant community can have a significant impact on other properties of the ecosystem, such as biodiversity, productivity, nutrient cycling, and habitat availability. Alterations in plant species composition can affect the food web, water and soil quality, and resilience to environmental stressors. Thus, understanding and managing plant community dynamics is essential for maintaining ecosystem function and stability.

A biosphere is best described as the regions of the Earth that support life, encompassing all ecosystems and the interactions between living organisms and their environment. It includes the parts of the planet where living organisms exist, including the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere.

When both species benefit from the relationship, it is known as mutualism. In mutualistic relationships, both species provide resources or services that are advantageous to the other, leading to a symbiotic interaction where both parties gain from the association. This kind of relationship is common in nature and can enhance the survival and reproductive success of both species involved.

Living things have an active metabolism, which involves the series of chemical reactions that occur within cells to maintain life. Non-living things do not have a metabolism as they do not possess cells or the ability to carry out these chemical reactions.

one animal benefits the other doesn't- commensulism

one animal is harmed the other isn't- parasitism

both animals benefit- mutualism

all of these are symbiotic relationships.

Yes, preserving and protecting the ecosystem is crucial for maintaining biodiversity, supporting human health and livelihoods, and ensuring a sustainable environment for future generations. Ecosystems provide essential services like clean water, air, and food production, and are interconnected with our well-being in numerous ways. Failure to protect the ecosystem can lead to environmental degradation, species extinction, and negative impacts on human societies.

Ecological succession is important in biodiversity because it allows for a variety of species to inhabit and thrive in an ecosystem over time. As one species replaces another during succession, it creates a more diverse and resilient ecosystem, increasing the overall biodiversity. This diversity helps to ensure ecosystem stability and resilience in the face of environmental changes and disturbances.

The non living environment provides nutrition and protection for living things.

The total inhabited area by living beings is called the biosphere. It includes all living organisms and their interactions within the environment on Earth. An ecosystem is a smaller unit within the biosphere that includes the living organisms and their physical environment interacting together in a defined space.

A succession pioneer community is the initial stage of succession in an ecosystem, where pioneer species colonize a barren environment and begin the process of soil formation. These pioneer species are typically well-adapted to harsh environmental conditions and pave the way for other species to establish and grow diversity in the ecosystem over time. As succession progresses, the pioneer community will be replaced by more complex and diverse communities.

all non living resources are known as abiotic resources. for example, land, water, minerals etc. the abiotic resources are not renewable except water which is in exhaustible. these resources are in great demand for the development of various industries.