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Electrical Wiring

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4,935 Questions

When calculating kilowatts from known amps on a 3 phase circuit do you use 415 volts or the 240 line volts in the equation?

You can use either. I assume the 240 volts is the line to neutral voltage, and the 415 is the line to line voltages. They will both give you the correct answer. It is important to note these values are RMS, not 0 - peak voltages, but this may be beyond your question. The equations below are for calculated from RMS values (both voltage and current).

If you are using a L-L voltage, P = I*V*sqrt(3)

If you are using the L-N voltage, 1-phase power P = I*V (for the power in a single phase, for all three, multiply by 3), or 3phase power P = 3*I*V


You will get the same answer, since the L-N voltage is (1/sqr(3)) times the L-L voltage.

What is the average price of electricity?

The average price of electricity in the United States is around 13 cents per kilowatt-hour. However, prices can vary significantly by region due to factors such as local regulations, energy sources, and infrastructure costs.

What compass bearing is south?

The definition of a true compass bearing - A true bearing is measured in relation to the fixed horizontal reference plane of True North, that is using the direction towards the geographic North Pole as a reference point.

How do you ground one of the phases from three phase three wire in order to make single phase?

To convert a three-phase three-wire system to single-phase, you should ground one of the phases using a grounding rod or electrode. However, please note that this method may not adhere to electrical codes and safety regulations. It is advised to consult with a qualified electrician before attempting any modifications to your electrical system.

How can you put a 4 prong plug on a 3 prong plug stove with 220 volt?

You should not modify electrical plugs or outlets. If your stove has a 3-prong plug and your outlet is 4-prong, you should consider hiring a licensed electrician to install the correct outlet for your stove. Mixing and matching plugs and outlets can create a safety hazard and violate electrical codes.

What is the material between two charged bodies that prevents the discharge of electricity from one body to the other?

The material between two charged bodies that prevents the discharge of electricity is an insulator. Insulators have high resistivity, which inhibits the flow of electric current between the charged bodies. Examples of insulating materials include rubber, glass, and plastic.

Can you use a 277 volt high pressure sodium light in my garage?

Not unless you have 277 volts in your garage. Open the fixture and check the ballast. Some of the commercial fixtures have multi tap connections for different voltages. If 120 or 240 volt tap is present then you can use the fixture.

How do you wire a 3 wire appliance to a L-1420 plug?

To wire a 3-wire appliance to an L14-20 plug, connect the green ground wire to the ground terminal, the white neutral wire to the silver terminal, and the black or red hot wire to the brass terminal. Make sure to follow proper safety precautions and consult a professional electrician if you are unsure of the wiring process.

Why would an electric receptacle have 3 hot and 3 neutral wires With one set of wires screwed into the sides of the outlet and the other two sets pushed into the back?

no you have to improperly install it....... :P Shut off the power to the receptacle. Now remove the three black wires from one side of the old receptacle and twist them all together with your pliers. Make a short pigtail 6 inches long, same colour and wire size. Now twist this pigtail into the other three wires. Hold all four wires together with the appropriate size wire nut. Do the same with the white wires. Push all the wires into the back of the receptacle box. Connect the two pigtail wires to the new receptacle black wire to the brass coloured screw, white wire to the silver coloured screw. Screw the new receptacle back into the box, install cover plate, turn the power back on. Done deal.

You have 4 outlets in a bedroom only outputting 10 volts instead of 120 what could cause this?

Circuit breaker or fuse supplying those outlets may be tripped or blown. Wiring from fuse or breaker box may be open. If the outlets are all in the same group, then they are fed from a single set of interior wiring. All may be dead if a single wire is disconnected inside the outlet box. Shut off power, remove the cover plate from the outlet box, put at least one hand in your pocket, and LOOK around inside the outlet box for a disconnected or broken wire.

How long does a dryer last?

This question is very easy to ask but is very hard to answer without first having a lot more information.

How long any washing macine should last depends on:

  • the quality of the parts used to build it, which is a bit like asking

    "How much did it cost to buy and was it a low-end, mid-range or top price model?"

  • how much it has been used, which is a bit like asking

    "Do you use it daily or weekly or just monthly?"

  • how well it has been treated, which is a bit like asking

    "What weight of load of washing did have to do every time it was used, compared to the manufacturer's recommended maximum load weight?"

If anyone gives any other answer here - such as five years or ten years or whatever - it can only be just a wild quess!

Why does a 120 volt ac outlet have 50 volts on hot and ground?

Answer for USA, Canada and countries running a 60 Hz supply service.

The original answer given is WRONG:

"It should be closer to 60 V on each. The 120 V is

the potential difference between hot and ground

so that +60 - (-60) = 120."

That answer is not correct. The answerer was confusing 120 volt circuits with the voltages that apply only to normal household "split-about-neutral" 240 volt circuits where it is correct to say that one hot swings from +120 volts to -120 volts whilst the other hot swings from -120 volts to +120 volts, those being the voltages measured between the each of the two hots and the common neutral or ground.

So, where it says:

"It should be closer to 60 V on each."

it should read:

"On a household circuit supplying a nominal 120 volts, the voltage measured to ground should be close to 120 V on the hot and always 0 V (zero volts) on the neutral."

Also, where that answer says:

"The 120 V is the potential difference between hot and ground".

it should read:

"The nominal potential difference between the hot wire and either the neutral wire or the ground wire should be close to 120 V."

Depending on the service standards applying in the area, the actual voltage measured between hot and neutral wires at any instant can vary by up to plus or minus 10% i.e. from a minimum of 108 volts to a maximum of 132 volts.

If an alternating current voltmeter, set up correctly, really shows a voltage of only 50 volts between the hot and neutral (or the hot and ground) on a normal 120 volt alternating current socket outlet, it is likely there is serious fault which should be investigated.

Either:

  • there is too low a service voltage coming into the circuit from the breaker panel.

    The householder should ask his local electricity utility company about local service conditions in the area.

    If necessary, it may also be wise to call a licensed electrician to check the household electrical system and advise about its condition.

    or

  • the wires used in the circuit are too thin to carry the total current demanded from that circuit by various plugged-in appliances.

    This situation can easily happen if someone carelessly changes the circuit breaker to a higher amperage without also changing the circuit wiring to the correct thicker size and type recommended in the NEC Wiring Tables.

    If the wires are too thin and do not correctly match the circuit breaker protecting the circuit, the breaker will not trip to stop a dangerous current overload condition.

    If this condition is ignored it can become so dangerous that a house fire will be started.

    Such a situation needs to be investigated urgently, and fixed.

Answer for countries in Europe and other world areas running a 50 Hz supply service.

In the UK, electric tools and portable lighting at construction sites are sometimes fed from a centre-tapped system with only 55 V between live conductors and the earth. This system is used with 110 V equipment and therefore no neutral conductor is needed. The intention is to reduce the electrocution hazard that may exist when using electrical equipment at a wet or outdoor construction site. An incidental benefit is that the filaments of 110 V incandescent lamps are thicker and therefore mechanically more rugged and shock-resistant than 230 V lamps.

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As always, if you are in doubt about what to do, the best advice anyone should give you is to call a licensed electrician to advise what work is needed.

Before you do any work yourself,

on electrical circuits, equipment or appliances,

always use a test meter to ensure the circuit is, in fact, de-energized.

IF YOU ARE NOT ALREADY SURE YOU CAN DO THIS JOB

SAFELY AND COMPETENTLY

REFER THIS WORK TO QUALIFIED PROFESSIONALS.

Can you connect 208 volt equipment to 240 volts?

Electricity is NOT clean, meaning, it is not 208, 220, or even 240. It usually varies and spikes. The problem with the lights, is likely because it's cold in your shop. Florescent lights do not perform well in the cold. (or they might be getting old).

However, you can test your "average" voltage coming in with your vom (volt omm meter, set on the 240 volt setting).

However, the very existence of surge protectors should give you a clue about the consistency of electrical voltage.

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208 volt equipment on 240 volts

The heater will operate over its given specified wattage. Equipment rated for 208 volts and operated on 240 volt will have an output increase. Ohms law stated that current is directly proportional to the applied voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit.

For example if the heater is 5000 watts at 208 volts, the current is I =W/E 5000/208 = 24 amps. The resistance of the heater is R = W/I (squared) =5000/24 x 24 (576) = 8.68 ohms. Applying 240 volts on the same heater whose resistance is 8.68 ohms results in this new heater wattage rating. W = E (squared)/R = 240 x 240 (57600)/8.68 = 6636 watts. This is 1636 watts higher than the manufacturer's safety rating.

W = watts, I = amperage, R= resistance in ohms and E = voltage.

How do you splice electrical cable into different rooms?

Well that depends. If you want cut a small hole in the wall you can run cable into 2 rooms next to each other. That's what my dad did with my sister and my room.

<><><>

As always, if you are in doubt about what to do, the best advice anyone should give you is to call a licensed electrician to advise what work is needed.

Before you do any work yourself,

on electrical circuits, equipment or appliances,

always use a test meter to ensure the circuit is, in fact, de-energized.

IF YOU ARE NOT ALREADY SURE YOU CAN DO THIS JOB

SAFELY AND COMPETENTLY

REFER THIS WORK TO QUALIFIED PROFESSIONALS.

You are building a new home and want to install a 60circuit panel box but electrician says no?

The electrician may be recommending a smaller panel based on the actual anticipated electrical needs of your home. It's important to follow their advice to ensure proper functionality and safety. Consider discussing your specific requirements with the electrician to determine the best panel size for your home.

Why doesn't my 110v Wahl hair clippers work correctly when plugged into a power converter converting 220 v to 110 the screw on the side has no effect?

The internal working of the motor is designed for 110V/60Hz.

Your stepdown converter is from 220V/50Hz to 110V/50Hz.

Frequency converters from 50Hz to 60Hz are very expensive (many times the cost of a new clipper). Therefore it is better you get a clipper designed for 220V/50Hz.

If you still like to put your clipper to use, then the most cost effective solution would be to get a "car inverter" that would convert 12V DC to 110V/60Hz AC.

Where do you connect the red wire?

This question demonstrates a lack of understanding regarding electrics/electronics. My advice would be not to connect anything yet. Either pay someone or go on a course. Electricity can be dangerous and you don't want to start a fire or kill yourself trying to save a bit of money.

Application of Y-delta transformations?

delta-wye is a common type of 3-phase transformer configuration. It offers a good voltage gain and the delta transformer is useful in unstable systems for removing the third harmonics. The transformation is necessary for analyzing the circuit.

What is step voltage?

Step voltage refers to the difference in voltage between two points that are a short distance apart on the ground. It is a potential hazard that can occur during electrical grounding faults, such as when current flows through the ground due to a fault in an electrical system. Step voltage can pose a risk of electric shock to individuals standing near the faulted area.

How does an insulator prevent the flow of electricity?

It depends on what kind of insulators you are referring to. The ultimate purpose of an insulator, regardless of application, is to prevent or impair the conduction of energy.

Thermal insulation works primarily by trapping pockets of air in a cohesive layer of material (fiberglass or foam, usually) to prevent the movement and conduction of heat.

Sound/Vibration insulation can be similar to Thermal insulation, but can also make use of elastic or absorptive materials, like rubber or springs, that absorb sound and vibrations, again, to prevent the conduction of energy.

Electrical insulation is usually accomplished by using non-electrically conductive materials, like glass, some ceramics, some rubbers and plastics, to coat or isolate whichever electrical conductor is in question. This prevents the electrical energy from being conducted to undesirable locations.

What wires go to the x and y terminals of a 240 volt cord?

Typically, a 240-volt cord will have two hot wires, a neutral wire, and a ground wire. When connecting to the x and y terminals, the hot wires are usually connected. Ensure the wires are properly insulated and securely attached to avoid any electrical hazards.

How do the two 120 volt lines from the power grid become 240 volts when joined together?

Canada and US - Visualize it the other way around. The transformer that feeds your house has a primary of 7200 volts. The secondary voltage is 240 volts. This secondary voltage is a split voltage. There are 3 bushings coming out of the transformer on the secondary side. The two outside bushings have the 240 volts on them. The position of the center bushing splits the 240 in to two 120 volts. This center tap is then grounded and becomes the neutral of your house wiring service. L1 to N = 120 volts, N to L2 = 120 volts, and L1 to L2 = 240 volts.

What is the red wire and what wire does it go with when there are three wires black red and white?

Red, white, and black are standard for a three-way switch (you have two switches that control the same fixture). You should also have a ground wire (copper, unsheathed).

The black and red are negative, while the white is positive.

It works pretty simply. When the switch is up, the black and white are linked, creating a circuit. When it is down, the red and white are linked.

If both switches agree (both are red/white or both are black/white), then the circuit is completed and power flows.

What is the resistance of a conductor that carries a current of 120 amperes when the potential difference between its ends is 240 volts?

The resistance of the conductor can be calculated using Ohm's Law: resistance (R) = voltage (V) / current (I). Plugging in the values gives: R = 240 V / 120 A = 2 ohms.