Embryology

I am assuming that this question should read, "Is embryo transplanting feasible with cattle?" The answer to this topic will vary greatly among cattle farmers, with many of them answering that it is not. But as the practice becomes more widespread and the techniques to perform the procedure become more common, a greater percentage of farmers may look to embryo transplanting (ET) as a long-term economic improvement to their operation.

In the simplest of terms, one of the best cows in the herd for production (and any other characteristics the farmer wishes to propagate) is chosen to be the DONOR MOTHER. This cow is given a complex series of hormone injections that will cause her to ovulate with a great number of eggs, such as 10 or more. The donor cow is bred, usually artificially, to the best bull that money can buy, which fertilizes a great number of these eggs.

Ten days later, the donor cow is FLUSHED, which is a process of extracting the eggs through a tube while injecting a flushing fluid simultaneously. This process is normally handled by a veterinarian.

Embryos are usually analyzed under a microscope for any abnormalities. The healthy ones are saved, and can be stored indefinitely in liquid nitrogen at -160 degrees F.

SURROGATE MOTHERS in the herd are then determined, either by forcing ovulation through injection, or by patiently waiting for their cycle, and instead of breeding the cow, a fertilized embryo is placed in the uterus instead, using a pipette-and-plunger type of tool.

The costs involved: shots to the donor cow are about $200 total, and the flushing cost and embryo selection is about $300. Because of today's availability of "sexed semen", the farmer can even exert influence on the number of female calves that will be produced. Let's say the female rate is 80% and there are 10 viable embryos. For most farmers, propagation of female genetics is the goal. There are those who produce bulls for the national market, but they are the minority. This group has used ET for decades already.

So, we have 8 potential heifers from a $500 expense, and lets say 25% of these embryos fail, leaving us with 6 viable heifers. We have implanted 8 surrogate mothers (remember 2 failed). So we saved the breeding and semen costs for the six successful mothers, to the tune of about $120. So now the true cash outlay for the farmer is $380 for 6 viable heifers that are GENETICALLY SUPERIOR to probably any of the other calves in his herd.

Here's the benefit: for a dairy farm, 3 years later these heifers are milking cows, and produce just 1,000 lbs. of more milk each year than their peers. This is a value of $130 per animal per year, or $780 per year for the half dozen animals that were ET produced. If these animals have a 5-year production life (and that is realistic) they have returned a gross ADDITIONAL milk production value of $3900. This was with the original $380 invested. Ten times the money in 8 years.

There are other long-term benefits to the propagation of superior genetics such as: better feet and legs, better feed to milk conversion (or feed to meat conversion for beef farmers) more longevity, more size, straighter legs, larger udders, etc. It really depends on the focus of the ET selection process.

ET requires a great deal of management with regard to sanitation, to TIMING, and to care in selection. One must remember that all of the bad traits are propagated as well. But for farmers who already conduct their own artificial inseminations (and many do) the process of embryo transplanting is very similar. As economic margins on the farm continue to tighten, farmers will look for ways to develop greater production per unit in order to be able to meet ever rising costs such as taxes, insurance, and land payments.

Echinoderms such as starfish and similar marine animals with radially symmetrical bodies have bone-like calcareous skeletal plates in their skin

The mammal embryo receives its nutrients from the mother through the placenta. The placenta allows nutrients to travel from the mother's system to the embryo's, and for waste products to leave the embryo's system so they can be disposed of by the mothers.

A mammal embryo is the developing baby inside the mother.

Panchanan Maheshwari(1904-1966)

The stage of a multicellular organism that develops from a zygote.

Most reptiles simply abandon their eggs to 'fate' once they're laid. Some species of lizards and snakes will stay close-by and actively discourage anything from disturbing the 'nest'. The majority of animals know instinctively to avoid contact with reptiles.

evolution from a distant common ancestor

See the related Wikipaedia link for detailed information.

It's a sack and not an egg but the primary food source, the only one, is the placenta and the nutrients go via the umbilical cord.

A plant embryo needs only good soil, sunlight, and carbon dioxide (CO2) to grow into an adult plant.

sex

You can be safe knowing the eggs will not develop after 23 days in an artificial incubator. If temperature and humidity have been consistent then at the twenty third day nothing else will be hatching. It is harder to tell when the eggs are under a broody hen. You can mark the eggs with a date when she first starts brooding and leave them under her for up to 25 days. She will roll out the unhatched eggs sometime during this time anyway.

The shell on an amniotic egg is equip with very small pores that allow oxygen to seep slowly into the embryo so that it doesn't suffocate.

Yes that is possible, it has happened twice to me!

i dont please answer it ????

i think i already help you thanks for visiting here , come again ,,

A type of egg is composed of a protective shell and membranes that surround the developing embryo is

an egg

The albumen (egg white) consists of about 10% protein dissolved in water. The albumens primary purpose is to protect the egg yolk and provide additional nutrition for the growth of the embryo, as it is rich in proteins, though it contains almost no fat. It also helps lubricate the growing embryo to allow for movement within the shell just prior to hatch.

If you mean identical twins, they can be in one sac (1) or each in their own sac (2). As for fraternal twins, they each have their own sacs (2).

In vertebrates as well as in echinoderms it is anus.So it is anus

The protective structure that forms around a human embryo is called the amniotic sac or amnion. This sac contains amniotic fluid, which cushions and protects the developing embryo during pregnancy.

Chordate embryos develop a notochord along the dorsal side. This position is located at the _____ of the embryo.

because the momma bird sits on top of it the whole time