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Epidemiology
Epidemiology is the branch of medical science that deals with the transmission and control of disease. Epidemiology is the study of health events, health characteristics and health determinant patterns in a population. It is a cornerstone method of public health research and its major areas of work include outbreak investigation; disease surveillance and screening; biomonitoring; and comparisons of treatment effects such as in clinical trials.
131 Questions
Can you give me a sentence using epidemiology?
Epidemiology is a branch of medicine sutying epidemics and the spread of diseases.
How do you control the variables when investigations involve human?
The gender and age should be the same.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of cohort studies?
Advantages
Cohort studies are the more direct evaluation study of health and disease patterns
Measures risk
Disadvantages
Relatively expensive
Require a long follow up period
Subjects may be lost during the long follow period
A large number of subjects is needed
Who created the epidemiologic transition model?
The epidemiologic transition model was developed by Abdel Omran in 1971. It describes the shifts in disease patterns and mortality rates as societies progress from pre-industrial to industrialized stages. The model highlights the transition from infectious diseases as the primary cause of mortality to chronic diseases associated with lifestyle and aging in more developed societies. Omran's work has been foundational in understanding public health trends and demographic changes.
How do you find relative risk?
Relative risk (RR) is calculated as follows:
- Incidence among the exposed / Incidence among the unexposed; OR
- a/(a+b) OVER c/(c+d)
What is The strategy which is not aimed at reducing selection bias is?
the strategy that will not help reduce selection bias is:
Various measurements used in epidemiology studies?
Epidemiology studies utilize several key measurements to assess health outcomes and disease patterns. Common measurements include incidence (the number of new cases over a specific time period), prevalence (the total number of existing cases at a given time), mortality rates (the frequency of deaths from a disease), and risk ratios (comparing the likelihood of an event occurring in exposed versus unexposed groups). Other important metrics include odds ratios and population-attributable risk, which help in understanding the impact of risk factors on public health. These measurements enable researchers to identify trends, evaluate interventions, and inform public health policies.
Who governs epidemiology in Microbiology?
Epidemiology in microbiology is primarily governed by public health organizations, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO). These organizations establish guidelines, conduct research, and monitor disease outbreaks to inform public health strategies. Additionally, local health departments and academic institutions play crucial roles in studying and addressing microbiological diseases within specific communities. Collaboration among these entities is essential for effective disease surveillance and response.
Why is epidemiology such an important discipline for health education?
Epidemiology is considered as basic science of public health. It is study of health related events in population. It takes into account the pattern & rate of risk of disease in the population. So it is fundamental to the practice of public health.
What are types of epidemiology?
There are three main category of epidemology;
Endemic is a disease that is constantly present to a greater or lesser degree in people of a certain class or in people living in a particular location; an epidemic is a widespread outbreak of an infectious disease that infects many people at the same time; a pandemic is an epidemic that is geographically widespread occurring throughout a region or even throughout the worl
What is epidemiological triangle?
The epidemiological triangle or epidemiological triad is a model describing the factors involved for an infectious disease. On one of each of the three ends is the host, the agent and the environment:
- The Host: the living organism which is capable of being infected
- The Agent: the factor that must be present or missing for the disease to occur
- The Environment: the extrinsic force(s) or situation affecting the host's opportunity to be exposed to the agent
Yes...it will make your head hurt....but if u study...day and night you can pass
What is an epidemiology model?
This is a model this can be used to predict or track the development of an epidemic.
It can often be referred to as the SIR model. Susceptible, Infected, Recovery.
A population is susceptible to a disease, it can then become infected once it catches the disease and then recovers. It may be there is a positive feedback into the susceptible category if the recovered people cannot develop immunity.
Various external factors control the risk of the susceptible populous e.g. exposure, health diet etc. The Infected rate depends upon exposure, type of disease, ease of infection etc. The recovery depends upon the disease. In the most extreme cases of death the populous for mathematical purposes is removed from the recovery category.
If you know your population e.g a school. Then you can enter hypothetical illnesses such as mumps into the model to see how quickly the disease would spread in the school. This can allow you to develop strategies to reduce infection and promote recovery e.g. isolation or washing hands.
