Evolution

Survival of the fittest.

The population is evolving.

The morphological evidence which is shown in fossils to modern animals supports evolution because some dinosaurs, for instance, had feathers and we can obviously see that trait today in birds. The biochemical evidence, which comes in the form of DNA comparison and amino acid similarities, shows that we related closely to monkeys and pigs, which suggests that we have close ancestors to these animals.

It would not be considered a living organism because it does not carry out several of the qualifications needed to be considered alive, including feeding and reproducing. It is, however, part of humans who are obviously considered living organisms and also consisting of cells, which are living organisms.

Mutations are inherently random. The ones which kill people before they can reproduce do not persist, but if the mutation doens't lead to death until later in life, it may, if heritable, persist in later generations.

The Darwinian model of evolution by natural selection has not been disproved.

Random processes are not part of the theory of evolution by natural selection.

Natural selection

Water is better for life to thrive because there is adequate room and the water is always moving. This means that a species can distribute itself into the water and make colonies, instead of having to walk around on land.

Reproductive success is the coin evolution pays in.

Take the cytochrome C electron shuttle in the electron transport chain and see how it is highly conserved in form and function among a wide variety of eukaryotes. That is molecular evidence for the relatedness of widely disparate organisms.

They are shared and used by every living thing on earth and many whole sequences of DNA show close correlation, or exact sequence. One can actually follow the mutation trail from a common ancestor to the descendents that branch off from this ancestor.

Only evolutionary theory explains this as the creationist explanation, many separate creations and linear progressions of organisms, can not explain the shared and variant sequence trail.

Yes, use the Hardy-Weinburg equilibrium equation.

Good ol' punctuated equilibrium.

Whale fins remodeled from the legs of a ground dwelling animal over some millions of years. The bones are of the same construction and number, just overlaid with flippers now.

Aside from the fact of its spreading here, bacteria conjugate in horizontal gene transfer from one type of TB bacillus to another.

He might not of if Malthus had not been around but he depended on the works of Lyell.

He identified and developed many different true-breeding strains of pea plants, and he studied only those traits that had only two possible outcomes; such as short or tall height, and yellow or green pea color. He also prevented self-fertilization of the pea plants by using a technique called cross-pollination, so that he could control each cross.

Random fertilization. All the eggs and sperm produced are variations due to crossing over alone, not even considering other processes. The meet and fertilization occurs randomly insuring a good mix of genetic variation. Thus, genetic diversity.

No because theres no selective advantage

His famous book, "On the Origin of Species", detailing his observations of species adaptation (especially finches of the Galapagos Islands) culminated in his theory of evolution, which has had great impact, both sociologically and scientifically, to this day.

Mutation is one of the mechanism by which new alleles enter the population gene pool. Evolution is often defined as the changing of allele frequencies in population gene pools. A mutation could change the frequency of a particular allele from zero to non-zero.

Variation naturally occurs in populations as new traits arise from random mutations. However, through natural selection only those traits that are beneficial to the organism are passed on to the next generation. Any harmful mutations are naturally weeded out.