Fullmetal Alchemist

Alchemists are people who study the science, alchemy. Taking something apart and putting it back together in a new form. So no it cannot be an allegory, which according to Incablue's description:

An Allegory is a form of extended metaphor, in which objects, persons, and actions in a narrative, are equated with the meanings that lie outside the narrative itself. The underlying meaning has moral, social, religious, or political significance, and characters are often personifications of abstract ideas as charity, greed, or envy.

Thus an allegory is a story with two meanings, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning.

Examples

In illustrations, allegorical figures such as the Grim Reaper and Blind Justice represent the concepts of death and law, respectively.

In literature, a classic example is Herman Melville's Moby Dick, where the sea and the whale, and Ahab's actions, all represent elements of life and human behavior.

ANSWER 1

You actually can not 'summon' a homunculus. But you 'create' it. In Fullmetal Alchemist, a homunculus is created by human transmutation. Since human transmutation is impossible, the result of the attempt to do human transmutation is a 'failed human' or known as homunculi.

At first, the homunculus would look unhuman, like when the Elric brothers tried to revive their mother, it was shown that a monster was created (it's ribs were not covered by skin and the heart could actually be seen, the facial features were unlike their mother, Trisha Elric). But after the homunculus consumes philosopher stones, they regain a physical posture like the human they were supposed to be, but with extraordinary regenaration powers.

In real life though, the existence of homunculi is debated (see the related link below for more information). No record of a living homunculi is ever reported.

ANSWER 2

Since the entire anime/manga is fictional, following the steps and alchemy circle that Edward and Alphonse used would do nothing but waste your time.

Yes Edward does fall in love with Winry through the series and it is shown more in the manga series than the anime. Although in the beginning ed tries to hide his feelings for winry or rather try to think of it as a friendly like, his brother Al realizes that ed likes winry since they were kids and is thinking that he still has a huge crush for her considering how many times ed writes letters to her to tell her about there journey and refuses to show him the letter. Edward is also shown to blush whenever he gets too close to winry or when winry hugs him .Ed's love for winry started a small friendly-family love and turned to a huge crush and finally ed was able to turn that crush into Love,in the end of manga ed was able to proposed to winry by telling her that he will give half of his life to her in exchange for half of hers which was also a promised they made to each other that oneday they'll be able to be with each other again (winry said yes and was willing to give her whole life to ed witch made ed happy).This was the same moment that ed realized the true meaning of equivalent exchange and making that promised to winry was a whole new beginning for the first rule of alchemy later in the manga a picture of the elric family was shown with ed and winry along with there two children who's names are unknown and alsoo his brother Alphonse Elric and his possible wife May Chung
Throughout the series, neither the manga or anime reveal whether or not Edward likes Winry. Though it is speculated that he does, by his actions and words towards her, it is likely that he does not. Early in the series, Edward is accused that he does like Winry and he violently denies it - as though embarrassed that it's true. Also in the beginning, he notes that Winry is cute but soon changes his mind when she throws a wrench at his head. Fanart and fanfiction often portrays a strange romance between the two, but there was no intended romance between Edward or Winry originally in the manga or anime.

but at the end of the second anime from 2009, Edward and Winry got merried and have a son and a daughter.

so yeah he does

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Actually, in the manga, it is forshadowed that BOTH Winry and Edward do like each other. Though it is not directly stated, the chemistry is OBVIOUSLY there. At the end of the manga, Ed proposes in the funniest, yet romantic way ever, and Winry's answer is almost as hilarious.

The Manga is called Full Metal Alchemist, and so is the First Anime Series called Full metal Alchemist.

The first anime series did not follow the manga story. It was the view point of another angle of how the story could be fleshed out.

Since the original title was taken and they were not following or continuing the title series. They had the rename it as Full Metal Alchemist Brotherhood.

If you prefer to see the series that follows the manga storyline, you would go and watch Full Metal Alchemist Brotherhood.

If you honestly don't care and just want to watch it in the order of release.

You would watch Full Metal Alchemist First.

And then Full Metal Alchemist Brotherhood.

Riza doesn't "die" in any of the series but in the manga/Brotherhood, she comes close to death. Its where she gets her throat slit by Gold toothed doctor in order to get Roy to obey if memory serves right. Well if it wasn't for May, she could of been good as dead for all we know.

I believe this all happens in episode 58 called "Sacrifices"

I hope this answer gives you a little more info to what you've wanted to know.