Grazing and Range/Pasture Management

Artificial pasture is more or less equivalent to the term "tame pasture" in North America. It is a pasture that contains grasses that are tame, non-native or "soft" over grasses that are native, wild or "hard." The latter is called "natural pasture." Artificial pastures contain grasses that are more vigorous, competitive and tend to have a much higher forage biomass over a growing period than native grasses do, making them ideal for grazing in a controlled system over a nomadic pastoral system typical of natural pastures. Native versus artificial pastures are terms that are used in eastern Europe, parts of Asia and Africa.

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Yes, whitetail deer require specific habitat conditions for grazing, including open areas with a variety of vegetation. They feed on grasses, leaves, fruits, and nuts, so having access to diverse food sources within their home range is important for their survival. Whitetail deer also have seasonal feeding patterns based on the availability of different food sources.

X-ray telescopes use grazing incidence mirrors to reflect and focus high-energy X-rays, which would be unable to be focused using traditional optical lenses. This design allows for better resolution and sensitivity for observing celestial objects that emit X-rays.

Believers in spontaneous generation might have argued that Redi's results were inconclusive because he did not account for all possible variables affecting the appearance of maggots in the meat. Without a control group for comparison, they could have claimed that other factors, not just the presence of flies, might have influenced the generation of maggots.

grassland or savanna ecosystem, where there is an abundance of grasses and other vegetation for grazing. These ecosystems provide the necessary food resources to support large populations of grazing animals like bison, zebras, and antelope.

Water can cycle through sheep in a pasture when they drink water from sources such as rivers, streams, or troughs, and when they consume moisture-rich vegetation like grass or plants. Additionally, water also cycles through sheep as they excrete urine and feces, releasing water back into the environment.

An elephant can eat up to 300 pounds of food a day, including grasses, leaves, fruits, and bark. They spend most of their day foraging for food to meet their large energy needs.

The reflected light will be partially polarized perpendicular to the plane of incidence. This is due to the Brewster's angle effect, where light polarized in the plane of incidence is fully transmitted into the water, leaving the reflected light to be partially polarized perpendicular to the plane of incidence.

The chamber in the digestive tract of grazing mammals where cellulose is broken down is called the rumen. It is a specialized stomach compartment where bacteria and other microorganisms help digest cellulose by fermentation.

Booty grazing refers to lightly touching or caressing someone's buttocks in a playful or flirtatious manner. It is typically done without causing harm or discomfort and is often seen as a friendly gesture among friends or romantic partners. However, it is important to always obtain consent before engaging in any form of physical contact with someone's body.

The best ways plants have adapted to "save" themselves from grazing pressures of animals is to have their growth points (apical meristems) at the level of the ground, not at the top. Grasses and various legumes (clovers, alfalfa, vetch, laspedenza, etc., and all grasses) that are specially adapted for grazing have their growth points right at the base of the plant, where the root essentially meets the leaf of the plant.

The reason the growth points are so close to the ground is because most grazing animals eat the tops of the plants--the must succulent and tasty part--before moving on to the next plant. Rarely (in nature) do animals keep grazing until there's almost no plant left, unless they're in a very large herd where the same plant gets eaten several times each by different animals in a very short period of time (such as the massive bison herds in upto the mid 1800's, and the wildebeest and zebra herds moving from the Kalahari to the Serengetti and back again) but gets a long rest period. Even then, the plants never get eaten down to the roots like what commonly happens in domestic situations where animals like horses and sheep, which cannot move from place to place like wild animals can, only have the one area to graze in and subsequently go back and regraze that one plant repeatedly over a long period time (this is called overgrazing).

To prevent overgrazing in domestic pastured situations, intensive management is required on part of the human caring for such animals, making use of more fencing and planned strategies to reduce and eliminate overgrazing (and undergrazing) from occuring, with attempts to mimic the natural rhythms of wild grazing herbivores in their native habitat in a more artificial (a.k.a man-made = presence of fences) situation.

If 40 cows can graze the pasture for 40 days and 30 cows can graze it for 60 days, this means each cow eats 1/40 of the grass per day in the first scenario and 1/60 of the grass per day in the second scenario. To find out how long 20 cows would take to graze the pasture, we calculate that they would consume 1/40 * 20 = 0.5 of the grass per day. Therefore, the pasture would last for 80 days if 20 cows were to graze on it.

Cows are not able to move particularly quickly. They can run at the most around 17 miles per hour. Their speed also depends on their size.

Clearing forests for farming and grazing can decrease cloud cover by reducing the amount of moisture released into the atmosphere through transpiration and evaporation from plants. This can lead to decreased cloud formation and potentially drier conditions in the region. Additionally, deforestation can disrupt local atmospheric circulation patterns, further impacting cloud cover.

X-ray telescopes use grazing incidence to focus X-ray photons onto a detector. By reflecting the X-rays at a very shallow angle, these telescopes can overcome the limitations faced by traditional optical telescopes in detecting X-ray emissions from astronomical sources.

Grazing can compact soil, reducing pore space and leading to increased soil density. This compaction can result in diminished soil aeration and water infiltration, which can affect root growth and overall soil health.

Nitrogen in the form of urea or ammonium nitrate should be watered into the soil immediately after application to prevent volatilization losses. Ideally, it should be watered in within 24 hours, as rain may not effectively carry it into the soil.

People in the Great Artesian Basin of Australia primarily irrigate their grazing land with water from the basin itself. The basin is a vast underground water source that supplies water to support agriculture and livestock grazing in the region.

When grass is being repeatedly grazed before it has reached a minimum grazing height, the roots start to decrease in size and ability to retain soil anchor-ability. Soil is exposed when these grasses are grazed very close to the ground, making it easy for wind and water to blow and wash the soil away, respectively.

Yes, grazing can affect soil erosion. Overgrazing can remove vegetation cover, making the soil more susceptible to erosion from wind and water. Proper grazing management, such as rotational grazing, can help maintain vegetation cover and reduce soil erosion.

Approximately 26% of the earth's ice-free land surface is used as pasture for livestock grazing.

Clearing forests for farming and grazing land can reduce local cloud cover by changing surface albedo and disrupting local atmospheric circulation patterns. Forests typically trap moisture and release it through transpiration, which contributes to cloud formation. When forests are cleared, this natural process is interrupted, leading to decreased cloud cover in the area.

Overgrazing, which is a factor of time and poor management from allowing livestock to basically continuously graze a pasture, affects the soil by increasing compaction and decreasing organic matter in the soil. Less roots growing and dying back means less organic matter is going to be present in the soil. With less roots or root material going into the soil also decreases water infiltration rates, which means that water from torrential or rain events is mostly going to run off instead of soaking in to the ground. Runoff creates flooding or pooling of water in excess in low areas. Erosion is also likely to occur, mostly in severely-overgrazed areas where soil is exposed to the elements, and little to no litter or green plant material is available to cover the ground and protect the soil. Overgrazing also encourages more heating of the soil, which impacts soil biota, from mycorrhizal fungi to earthworms.