Gregor Mendel

Gregor's desire in "Metamorphosis" is to provide for his family, particularly his sister. He hopes that his transformation will enable him to work again and support them financially.

In Franz Kafka's "The Metamorphosis," Gregor Samsa feels a mix of resentment and obligation toward his boss. He views his employer as demanding and unappreciative, particularly in light of his own transformation into a bug. Despite his feelings of frustration, Gregor initially feels compelled to meet his boss's expectations due to his sense of responsibility and financial burdens on his family. Ultimately, his transformation exacerbates the already strained relationship, highlighting the dehumanizing effects of his job.

Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns were the two scientists who independently rediscovered Gregor Mendel's work on genetics in 1902. They recognized the significance of Mendel's laws of inheritance and helped to establish the field of genetics.

Mendel was ordained on 6 August 1847. He began his theological studies at Brunn Theological College. He was born on 22 July 1822 in Hyncice Czech Rrpublic.

Mendel's law of independent assortment was supported by his experiments with pea plants, where he observed the inheritance patterns of two different traits, such as seed shape and seed color. When he crossed plants that were true-breeding for these traits, he found that the traits segregated independently in the offspring, resulting in a phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1 in the F2 generation. This indicated that the alleles for different traits assort independently of one another during gamete formation. His systematic approach and detailed observations provided strong evidence for this fundamental principle of genetics.

Mendel's F1 generation plants were characterized by their uniformity in traits, as they exhibited the dominant characteristics inherited from one of the parental strains. When he crossed purebred plants with contrasting traits, all the F1 offspring displayed the dominant trait while the recessive trait was not visible. This observation led Mendel to formulate his laws of inheritance, highlighting the principles of dominance and segregation in genetics.

Gregor Mendel is actually known for his contributions to the field of genetics, not physics. He is often referred to as the father of modern genetics for his pioneering work on the inheritance of traits in pea plants, which laid the foundation for the study of genetics. Mendel's discoveries, now known as Mendelian inheritance principles, are fundamental to our understanding of how traits are passed from one generation to the next.

Mendel's work on genetics would probably not have happened outside of a monastery. Such a massive, years-long study required a setting where the experimenter(s) could concentrate on a pretty esoteric field, without any need to produce anything of "value" over the years. Someone trying to support himself or a family while doing these experiments would probably have gone hungry after a year or so; and it is unlikely that any patron or government would have supported this work, as it did not seem to have any "payback." In a monastery, however, Mendel could do this work without distraction or need to "produce" anything.

It is important to remember that, although Mendel revolutionized biology with his work, neither he -- nor anybody else -- realized this fact at the time. It appears he did these tests due to simple curiosity.

In the book Metamorphosis, Grete depress Gregor twice first as his provider becomes disenchanted with Gregor's care, and begins kicking some food into him daily, finally telling a servant to take over. The second time is when one evening the lodgers complain loudly about Gregor's appearance and Grete screams that Gregor ("it") must go from the house, so he sadly returns to his room and dies.

it made his actual results approach the results predicted by probability.

Mendel Hess died in 1871.

peas

he established all the principles of modern genetics

It is Peas

Gregor wishes he himself could have used the money to pay off his parents debt faster but is happy his family has the money.

The correct term is "true-breeding". What that means is that if he takes his two pea plants with white flowers and breeds them together, he will always get a pea plant with white flowers. Something that is true-breeding for a particular trait is homozygous, i.e. if the allele for red flowers is R and the allele for white flowers is w, then a true-breeding white flowering plant is ww, and true-breeding red flowering plant is RR.

If you cross-breed a true-breeding red flowering with a true-breeding white flowering plant, you would get 1/4 of the offspring as true-breeding red flowers, 1/4 of the off-spring as true-breeding white flowers, and 1/2 the offspring as heterozygous (not true-breeding) red flowers - Rw. If you don't start with true-breeding plants - say you start with Rw and ww (a red and a white plant) you get 1/2 the offspring heterozygous red, and 1/2 true-breeding white. Thus if you didn't know anymore, you would assume that half the time when you breed a red and a white plant, you would get a red plant, and half the time a white, which is incorrect. Furthermore, if you conducted the experiment again, say with RR and Rw, you would get a different result (in this case, all red). By starting with plants that are true-breeding, you ensure that you get the same results that properly show how the traits are passed on.

One trait does not affect whether another trait will be passed on. -Apex

He used pea plants to study the patterns of heredity.

For apex

refers to gregor as “it.”

Mendel was considered as the father of genetics because he showed that inheritance follows certain patterns. He was famous for working with pea plants. He bred different kinds of pea plants to get particular traits, such as tall or short.

He crossed different types of pea plants and studied their progeny. Through this he discovered a few things:

1. That each diploid organism possesses two alleles for any particular trait. The two alleles separate during meiosis in which gametes are formed. (Mendel's first law -- Principle of Segregation)

2. He discovered that alleles that are on different loci segregate independently of each other (Law of Independent Assortment -- Mendel's second law).

3.The concept of dominance was also demonstrated in his work. When an organism has a heterozygous genotype for a particular trait, the dominant allele will be its observed phenotype.

Mendel chose pea plants for his experiments because they have distinct, easily observable traits, such as flower color and seed shape, which allowed for clear categorization of results. Additionally, pea plants can self-pollinate or be cross-pollinated, enabling Mendel to control their breeding and study inheritance patterns. Their relatively short generation time also facilitated the examination of multiple traits across several generations. These factors made pea plants ideal for Mendel's groundbreaking work in genetics.

A dominant trait is one that is expressed when a single copy of the gene is present. In his experiments with pea plants, Gregor Mendel described traits like tallness and yellow seed color as dominant.

Gregor Mendel's findings on the inheritance of traits in pea plants were revolutionary because they laid the foundation for the field of genetics. His laws of inheritance provided a systematic explanation for how traits are passed down through generations, challenging previous beliefs about heredity. Mendel's work ultimately led to the development of modern genetic theory and revolutionized our understanding of how genetic information is transmitted.