Igneous Rock

As it turns out, most of the ocean floor is basalt, and most of the continents are granite.

No, high pressure alone cannot change an igneous rock into sedimentary rock; however, the reverse is true. High pressure can change sedimentary rock into igneous rock.

Cooling rate of molten rock

The type of igneous rock formed depends more on the composition of the magma or lava that formed it than it does on the speed at which it cooled (notable exceptions include obsidian, which is flash cooled). To determine which cooled faster look at the coarseness of the rock. Large crystalline particles are formed by slower cooling liquid since the molecules had more time to arrange into crystals.

That being said, Granite is more likely than Gabbro to have cooled away from water and therefore slower.

Intrusive igneous and metamorphic. Intrusive igneous rocks are those that solidify underground. Metamorphic rocks are those that are deep underground and subjected to intense heat and pressure, but remain a solid.

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Generally referred to as micaceous minerals, biotite and muscovite are silicate minerals having perfect basal cleavage. They both contain most of the same elements, just in different quantities. However, biotite is soluble in sulfuric acid and has iron and magnesium in it, where muscovite does not. They can be found in all types of rock.

lots of heat energy

Hawaii

Nealy all magma on Earth is originally low-silica, mafic magma. Most magma originates from the upper mantle, which is ultramafic, meaning it has a very low silica content. This rock may partially melt under certain conditions, forming mafic magma, which has a somewhat higher silica content than the mantle rock.

It depends on the type, but quite often they are not. Granite and basalt are erosion resistant. Some rocks formed by ash deposits, however, erode fairly easily.

Yes. A prime example is that granite can undergo metamorphism and become gneiss.

Many stores sell granite kitchen sinks. Home Depot, Lowe's, and Sears sell granite kitchen sinks. One can also purchase them from Walmart and Menards.

C.

The texture is mostly determined by the time spent in cooling from magma or lava. The quicker the transition from molten to solid, the finer the texture.

gneiss

The extrusive igneous rock will float because that extrusive rock got cooled down fast then a regular extrusive. When the wind acted on it, it get cool down fast and the gases from the volcano gets trap in the rock and the weight of that rock is light. Also water and gases have different density so the gases in the rock will be pushed upward and the rock will float because of the weight and the gases in the rock.

(P.s only a prediction)

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apatite will not scratch quartz topaz calcite or corundum

It would be a glacial erratic. This indicates that the stone was transported by glaciers that have since melted.

If the magma has the same density as the rock around it, it will likely stay in place without rising or sinking. This can lead to the formation of magma chambers or magma pockets within the surrounding rock, potentially resulting in volcanic activity if pressure builds up.

Many igneous rocks are hard, dense, and durable. People throughout history have used igneous rock for tools and building materials.

Yes. The grain texture also matters. For example, basalt and gabbro have the same mineral composition, but basalt, which forms on the surface, has microscopic grains while gabbro, which forms underground, has larger mineral grains.

Not usually. Mafic magma usually has a low gas content than felsic or intermediate magma, so eruptions are often effusive. Cinder cones primarily erupt mafic lava with a low level of explosivity. Explosive eruptions can also occur if the magma comes in contact with groundwater.

A slowly cooled magma is likely to result in a rock with a coarse-grained texture because the crystals have more time to grow larger. Examples of rocks with coarse-grained textures from slowly cooled magma include granite and diorite.