Industrial Engineering

60 minutes, 30 minutes or 15 minutes Time of Day (TOD) : Up to eight, seasonal, time of day rate registers for energy and demand Power factory : Recording of average monthly power factor.

D2 steel is a steel that is vacuum heat treated i.e raised to a high temp and rapidly cooled by a vacuum process it is an ideal steel to use for punch and dies or injection mould tools. It is a difficult material to machine and requires a special wheel for surface grinding after heat treatment. It also hardly moves during the treatment process so you can manufacture parts as thin as 2mm and leave only 0.004 for finish grinding.

D-2 is a high-carbon high-chromium tool steel manufactured for high abrasive wear applications. D-2 can be heat treated to RC 64. This grade as a low tempering temperature. Many of the common coatings can not be applied because the process temperature used to apply the coating is higher than the tempering temperature of the D-2 tool steel.

For this material, D2 tool steel, you can find detailed data check list at www dot astmsteel dot com/product/d2-tool-steel-1-2379-x153crmo12-skd11/.

The high chromium content gives this grade some stainless properties, although, it is not classified as a stainless steel.

D-2 is used for barrel liners in the plastic molding industry, die components in the metal stamping industry, and many other applications requiring high wear resistance in many other industries.

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Minimum hardness of Mild steel is about 140 Vickers hardness.

the pocket substation have three major parts and they are transformer , ring main unit (RMU) and low voltage distribution bored (LVDB).

If you take into account how easily it is formed to make the can and not just how much the metal itself costs, yes. And by a wide margin. Aluminum is more expensive to buy than something like sheets or rods or billets of, say, steel. But aluminum has properties that make it vastly easier to work and form than that steel. Aluminum is almost miraculous in its ability to be shaped and formed without cracking or breaking apart. It is strong, but ductile, and tough but workable by standard means. If you wish to watch a short vid about how an aluminum can is made, use the link below. Aluminum is the best choice for beverage containers. Food requires heavier cans, and we usually see steel applied there. You may have guessed that the original cans were made of tin, and the name has been hanging on with us. Check out that vid. It's worth the few minutes it takes to watch it.

Because weight exerts pressure as it 'accumulates'. There is little weight at the top of the container, but as gravity attracts the liquid towards the bottom of the container, so the pressure is greatest there.

Put some water into a balloon and see where the pressure of the water pushes on the skin of the balloon.

crashing is the technique of minimizing the total duration of a network of activities, mainly by reducing the duration of the critical path activities to the least possible magnitude.

Since the critical path is also the longest, the duration of this path has to be reduced. However any reduction in activity duration comes at the cost of increased cost due to extra resources required(like labor, electricity etc). Also note that simply reducing the duration of a critical path activity is meaningless unless the duration of parallel activities are also reduced by equal magnitude. Then and only then will the total duration get reduced.

Sometimes the non-critical path activities have floats(ie expendeble time). In such a case while crashing such an activity, first the floats are removed. Only then can its total duration be reduced.

cos it's a plot it needs to be called a plot

I work for National Instruments. NI is one of the companies that defined PXI. PXI stands for PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation. It is like the PCI bus, but extended. This means that extra connections are available to share signals between multiple PXI peripherals.

SCXI stands for Signal Conditioning eXtensions for Instrumentation. Signal Conditioning is the general term for the process of making a signal more useful by improving its precision, accuracy, or signal-to-noise ratio.

Think about a sensor/transducer such as a thermocouple. In order to get quality temperature readings, you need to amplify the thermocouple signal. You should also filter out high frequencies, because while noise is high-frequency in most environments, temperature changes almost always happen very slowly.

SCXI can also handle switching, and has some multiplexer's in the background so that a separate ADC can capture the conditioned signals.

So, to put these two together, a real-world signal from a transducer goes into SCXI, which might then send the conditioned signal into a DAQ board in a PXI system.

Another key difference is that a PXI bus directly communicates to an operating system on a computer, while SCXI only does things to signals and passes them on to DAQ devices.

Mass flow in air can be calculated if you know the pressure drop across the pipe. Then it can be calculated using Darcy's Equation for Pressure,which is: P2-P1 = (4fLv*v)/d*2*g where, P2 & P1 are pressures at two points in pipe, f = friction factor, L= length of pipe, v = velocity of fluid, d = diameter of pipe, g = gravity. from this formula we can calculate the velocity and hence the flow rate.

42kgf/mm^2

Trauma, or damage to a body part, or disease sustained, arising out of, and in the course of employment, including injury to artificial members, and medical braces of all types.

it saves human labour

to measure the flow in any pipes

How Negative phase sequence relay work

Systems engineering and process engineering are both terms that are used as names for industrial engineering.

Demulsifier is type of chemical mostly used with or injected on wet crude oil,

Even with the fantastic analytical tools we have today, almost never is a product developed that has no problems on the first prototype. Something unanticipated always shows up. Also, the experience of doing something really helps, so usually after designing and making a product prototype, ideas for improvements come. It's usually a few cycles before the improvements become so minor they are not worth the next iteration. It can be extremely difficult to know when to stop development on a product.

A weight class in mixed martial arts welterweight if that's what you mean

Brazing is the leading method of metal joining in many HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning) appliances and equipment. It is also commonly used in joining or repairing copper pipes. As a general rule, brazing is used when solid, leak proof joints must be made without melting the base metals (which rules welding and soldering out.)
Where a filler metal is heated above and spread between two or more close-fitting parts by capillary action. The filler metal is brought a little above its melting temperature while protected by a good enough atmosphere.Then it flows over the base metal (known as wetting) and then is cooled to join the workpieces together.The temperatures used to melt the filler metal is above 842 °F.

A transducer will take different appearances depending on the specific type. This is an electronic device that is used to convert one form of energy into another. A good example of a transducer is a microphone.

It refers to the choice of region and the selection of a particular site for setting up a Business or Factory.

CONSERVING AND ENHANCING THE CULTURAL HERITAGE Strategic Objectives: a) Develop a sound knowledge and understanding of the archaeological, historic and built environment resources. b) Participants were in agreement with this objective and commented that change should be managed in accordance with this objective. c) Conserve and enhance the resources of the archaeological, historic and built environment. d) Participants felt that this does not go as far as the Loch Lomond & Trossachs Building Plan. It was observed that there are potential conflicts in sourcing materials locally within the Park (eg landscape impact in quarrying of sand and gravel and potential impact on archaeological monuments hitherto unrecorded). e) Kit housing is likely to be an option, with use of construction timber grown in the Highlands. The key issue will be the design, and local sourcing of expertise. f) There could be significant benefits in terms of local employment. g) Any deconstruction of existing buildings within the area should enable re-use of local materials - this would reduce transport and waste implications and landfill costs. It was highlighted that ruins do have enjoyment value and that dykes have a key impact in cultural landscapes. h) Promote awareness and interpretation of the value of the archaeological, historic and built environment. i) This needs to cover the evolution of the park; its economy and landscape. j) New development and management of public space in settlements should complement and enhance the character, pattern and local identity of the built and historic environment. Participants felt that this element needs further teasing out. Sustainable Development should be related at different levels - planning, management, and design - through the Building Plan, Local Plan, Sustainable Development Guidance, and Settlement of Statements. Best Practice: The Park presents an opportunity to pioneer good practice. Accommodating values: The timing is particularly good as the UK Government has recently signed up to the European Landscape Convention, which places much emphasis on public participation. Different people value and perceive the Park in different ways: eg for its wild landscape, for its regenerated pinewoods. The Park Plan should accommodate these differing perspectives and avoid following the approach established in English National Parks which are managed in a particular way. There should be local and national community involvement over what we would like to see happen to the landscape within the Building in the next five years. Cultural heritage aspects within the Plan: Cultural heritage elements should be referred to under other topic areas to help cross reference relevance between topics - for example the cultural heritage aspects relating to deer management, forestry etc. There is a danger in the Plan of compartmentalizing different topics - topics should be covered separately but the interrelationships highlighted as well to give a stronger 'flavour' for the Park. It was observed that the Environmental Report provides a matrix which helps to relate issues to each other. The challenge will be giving the document cohesion. It may be that relationships could be built in through diagrams and use of case studies. IMPROVING THE QUALITY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF DESIGN Scope of Design Guidance: It was stressed that design guidance should go beyond housing to include road engineering, street lighting, and area based approaches. Requirements/expectations placed on other authorities (Local Authorities, Scottish Environmental Protection Agency etc) must be clearly defined, to ensure that this element of the Park Plan will be binding. The Park Plan needs to define more clearly what is required of a Sustainable Development Guide - taking into account how it will be used and how it will gel with Sustainable Design Guidance prepared by Local Authorities. Again Local Authorities are key partners. In order to make the guidance binding there would be a need to priorities. In order to make the Guidance useful it would need to stretch requirements over and above the base line requirements under 5 building regulations but be realistic so as to be achievable. The Park Plan offers a strong opportunity to unify and develop best practice. Design Skills within the Cairngorms Park Authority: The Park Authority was encouraged to engage broadly over the development of design guidance given the limited capacity in-house. Village Design Statements: These would provide a useful mechanism to adopt in the Park. The Village Design Statement prepared for Tar land would provide useful lessons particularly as there was a high level of public participation and buy-in to the approach. There has however not been any follow-up. Strengthen links between Design, Civic Pride and Community Planning: There is much scope here to engage local residents in developing a sense of pride by identifying the particular features and details that enhance the character of buildings within the area. There is much local interest and knowledge that can be brought into the process of public engagement. The Plan could do more to cross reference this element on design guidance to communities. There is a resource implication here as this will require the Park Authority to find out what communities value, and help identify and present features of significance. Understanding the Special Natural and Cultural Qualities Qualitative evaluation: Reference was made to the UNESCO Convention on the intangible cultural heritage. The emotional response that the landscape evokes is hugely varied, and the Park Plan should ensure that work is carried out to help develop the range of understanding of what the landscape in the Park means to people. It was noted that the HLF is currently initiating research into qualitative values, and that 'landscape' is a current priority for the Arts & Humanities Research Council. It is likely that Aberdeen University and the McCauley Institute will hold research information in this area. Mind mapping was identified as a useful tool for gathering information on values and also for presenting interrelated data. Qualitative evaluation of special qualities associated with the Park should come through strongly as a theme within the Park Plan. Intangible qualities are easy to omit because they are harder to identify and are fragile. They must be sufficiently accommodated within the Park Plan. Historic Environment Record: A Historic Environment Record for the Park was considered to be a fundamental requirement. Listed Building Survey for the Park: the Park Authority was urged to engage with Historic Scotland and the RCAHMS. Both organisations hold, and are collecting on an ongoing basis, key information on Historic Environment assets within the Park area. The RCAHMS is currently undertaking an Audit of the evolution of the landscape within the area. Area based significance: Clusters of buildings within the landscape were mentioned as being a significant part of the landscape and that the Park Plan might endorse or facilitate the designation of conservation areas within the rural setting to afford some protection to these assets. Culloden battlefield was referred to as an area of significant cultural interest, within a rural context and designated as a 'Rural Conservation Area'. Land Management Contracts (LMCs): it was noted that LMCs have too little financial support and that they currently only cover agricultural land. Much land is not covered and the Park Plan should encourage best practice in this area - particularly in relation to forestry and moorland which is not covered under agri-environment LMCs. Document structure: It was noted that the list of activities under this section mixes together products, processes, explicit actions and more strategic objectives. It was noted by way of 6 responses that the Park Authority anticipates the Plan in general to become more focussed. Explicit outcomes will be monitored against targets. Key partners: It was noted that the professional institutes should be included as key partners in implementing the Park Plan. SUMMARY Key themes and issues arising were as follows: Ø Guiding principles - emphasis on conservation within broader sustainable development Ø Housing - Need and Capacity - represents a major challenge for the building Plan Ø Special Qualities - Emphasis on Understanding and making links with Community Ø Significance of European Landscape Convention and emphasis on public participation Ø Relationships between Building Plan/Local Plan/Design Guidance Ø Park as a Place to Pioneer, establish best practice and make well informed decisions Ø Emphasis on Place Making within the Building Ø The document provides a good basis on which to develop greater focus and ensure that cultural heritage and sustainable design aspects are fully integrated into the Park Plan.