Mesopotamia

The Epic of Gilgamesh is the best-known surviving example of Mesopotamian literature.

Present day Mesopotamia includes Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, and Syria.

Members of the Middle Eastern and Egyptian empires moved forward human development and came together to form the first great cities. Both had similar development and refinements in agriculture and technology as well as government/law cuneiform writing/hieroglyphics, math/science, artistry and architecture, religion and hierarchical society.

Yes, Sumer was in Mesopotamia which is now modern day Iraq

they believed in many Gods, as far as I'm aware mesopotanian culture wasn't all unified, there were quite a few different cities up and down the Euphrates, i think i heard they worshipped the sun and moon and the chaldeans (babylonians) had pretty much a whole pantheon of gods

Recorded existing laws for all to see .

They were the worlds first empire

A tall stepped tower built by the ancient Sumerians as a temple to a god.

The Sumerians based their numbering system on 60 and that resolved into a big achievement in Sumerian society.

independent city state couldn't reach political accommodation among themselves.

A social pyramid depicts how the people of a society have their role accoridng to their power of influence in said society. This is a generality of the society to mek it easier by grouping people into classes in order to further give deatail about them using general terms. The Mesopotamian one is one of three main catagories

between 4000 BC. and 3000 BC

They weren't lucky - they chose to settle there because the fertile river valleys offered them abundant food.

The Sumerians lived in the Middle East between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, in modern Iraq, Iran and Syria. They were nomads, which means they moved from place to place to gather food. This was until the neolithic revolution, which brought about the idea of staying in one place and growing their own food.

They invented Warcraft(III) which is now particularly Frozen Throne, but there is an improved version of Frozen Throne which is famously played by people all over the world and is called Dota Allstars.

Sargon the Great

The main occupation was agriculture. The Euphrates and Tigris rivers were the main source of water supply. Flooding was irregular. sothey built an elaborate and highly developed irrigation system to ensure a steady supply of water throughout the year. They also built dykes to control floods. They domesticated animals such as the cow, goat, sheep and, donkey. Settlements grew in towns and specialized skills such as pottery, weaving, and metal work ( jewellery, armors, and statues) began to develop.

what technology was invented to allow Mesopotamia to flourish

It is difficult to answer this questions as the term "powerful" is ambiguous. Furthemore, many eastern civilizations have not been researched well enough and may have been more "powerful" than originally assumed. However, in terms of military power, it is generally accepted that Ancient Rome reach a level of military tactics and proweness far greated than anything else at the time. It's military tradition is said to be partly based on Macedonian and Spartan military traditions originating in the Hellenic world. In terms of science, the civilization which has most contributed overall to modern science, engineering and medicine, is Ancient Greece. This should not undermine the amazing advancements of other civilizations such as Ancient China, Egypt, Phoenicians etc.

The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, which provided fertile soil and water to grow abundant food, were the two main physical features that supported settlement in Mesopotamia

Priests can, as intermediaries, potentially offer protection and favours from the gods. But the gods were apparently capricious and, for reasons best known to themselves, not reliable.

Kings can actually organise protection, favours and prosperity. While they continued to offer sacrifices to solicit favour from the gods, they took the sure bet with the kings.

The geography of Mesopotamia helped civilization develop by having rich soil for abundant crops due to annual floods.

The inventions by the people of Mesopotamia helped shape present day life. The farming implements increase production and ease labor. The wheel affects every aspect of human life.

It didn't actually stop, it evolved with the birth of other kingdoms and states

It hurt the farmers by flooding their fields and the farmers never knew when to plant their crops............. it helped farmers by giving them a close irragation and transportation system for watering their crops and trading their crops for materials and other foods that they didn't have.This is how the flooding of the rivers helped and hurt farmers.