Mitochondria

It is similar by the more surface area the more energy it can produce. The mitochondria is in a coil shape allowing it to have more surface area. These folds are called cristae, which contains proteins t hat carry out energy-harvestng chemical reactions.

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When cells divide, the DNA in the original cell contains...chemicals, I that tells the new cell to form a mitochondria There is actually an organelle that has the materials to make the new organelle, I can't remember the name. I'll tell you if I find out.

The endosymbiotic relationship of mitochondria with their host cells was popularized by Lynn Margulis.[40] The endosymbiotic hypothesis suggests that mitochondria descended from bacteria that some how survived indisposes by another cell, and became incorporated into the cytoplasm. The ability of these bacteria to conduct respiration in host cells that had relied on glycols and fermentation would have provided a considerable evolutionary advantage. In a similar manner, host cells with symbiotic bacteria capable of photosynthesis would also have had an advantage. The incorporation of symbioses would have increased the number of environments in which the cells could survive. This symbiotic relationship probably developed 1.7[41]-2[42] billion years ago.

The circular structure of mitochondrial DNA is also found in prokaryotes and the similarity is extended by the fact that mitochondrial DNA is organized with a variant genetic code similar to that of Proteobacteria.[36] This suggests that their ancestor, the so-called proto-mitochondrion, was a member of the Proteobacteria.[36] In particular, the proto-mitochondrion was probably related to the rickettsia.[37] However, the exact relationship of the ancestor of mitochondria to the alpha-proteobacteria and whether the mitochondria was formed at the same time or after the nucleus, remains controversial.[38] Answer Mitochondria are found in the egg cell in humans and at the rear of the sperm cell. The mitochondria in the sperm cell do not normally pass into the zygote, so all your mitochondria are from your mother's egg cell and are copies of her mitochondria. As mitochondrial inheritance is matrilinear it is possible to construct genological trees based on the mutation rates of the DNA found in the mitochondria. Mitochondria posses DNA and a plasma membrane suggesting they were once bacterial like cells which became engulfed by eukaryotic cells. Some single celled organisms engulf bacteria and break them down with digestive enzymes as a method of feeding, some present day human immune cells can engulf bacteria. Cells that had engulfed bacteria which were capable of aerobic respiration would have been at a significant advantage to those under going anaerobic respiration as a great deal more ATP is produced. These cells would have been able to grow and divide at a greater rate and quickly attempted their rivals in all but anaerobic respiration. This would have had to have happened sometime after O2 availability on the Earth was increased due to photosynthesis, suggested dates are around 2 billion years ago or more recently. Over time the engulfed bacteria lost the DNA they needed to live independently of their host cells and became specialised in helping the host cell by producing ATP molecules.