Mughal Empire

No. King Aurangzeb is well-known in India for violating the rights of Non-Muslims and forcibly converting them. He started wars against the Sikhs and Hindus and destroyed major Hindu Temples such as the Kashi Vishwanath temple, Kesava Deo temple, and Somnath temple. He also executed the Ninth Sikh Guru. Because of the wars he started, Aurangzeb set in motion the collapse of the Mughal Empire.

In architecture the first great Mughal monument was the mausoleum to Humayun, erected during the reign of Akbar (1556-1605). The tomb, which was built in the 1560s, was designed by a Persian architect Mirak Mirza Ghiyas. Set in a garden at Delhi, it has an intricate ground plan with central octagonal chambers, joined by an archway with an elegant facade and surmounted by cupolas, kiosks, and pinnacles. At the same time Akbar was building his fortress-palace in his capital, Agra. Native red sandstone was inlaid with white marble, and all the surfaces were ornately carved on the outside and sumptuously painted inside.

Akbar went on to build the entire city of Fatehpur Sikri (City of Victory) in which extensive use was made of the low arches and bulbous domes that characterize the Mughal style. Built in 1571 the choice of the site of Sikri reflected Akbar's gratitude to a Muslim saint at Sikri for the birth of his son. Courtiers soon followed suit and built homes surrounding the palace and mosque. The new city became the capital of the empire, but in 1585 it was abandoned.

Under Akbar, Persian artists directed an academy of local painters. The drawings, costumes, and ornamentation of illuminated manuscripts by the end of the 16th cent. illustrate the influence of Indian tastes and manners in the bright coloring and detailed landscape backgrounds. Modeling and perspective also began to be adapted from Western pictures. Basawan, Lal, and Daswanth were Akbar's most famous painters.

Shah Jahan shifted his capital from Agra to Delhi due to the increased population of Agra.

Akbar established the religion of Din-i-Ilahi (a blend of Islam and Hinduism) to unite the peoples, but it ultimately failed as a religion. Still, the unity that he impressed upon the people with this religion did stay and encouraged the cultural blending in the Mughal Empire. (:

1. Zahir-ud-din Muhammad "Babur" (1526-1530)

2. Nasir-ud-din Muhammad "Humayun" (1530-1540 & 1555-1556)

3. Jalal-ud-din Muhammad "Akbar (1556-1605)

4. Nur-ud-din Muhammad Salim "Jahangir" (1605-1627)

5. Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Khurram "Shah Jahan" (1628-1658)

6. Muhi-ud-din Mohammad "Aurangzeb" (1658-1707)

7. Qutb-ud-din Muazzam Bahadur "Shah Alam" (1707-1712)

8. Muizz-ud-din Muhammad "Jahandar Shah" (1712-1713)

9. Muin-ud-din Muhammad "Farrukh-Siyar" (1713-1719)

10. Shams-ud-din Muhammad "Rafi-ud-Darajat" (1719)

11. Rafi-ud-din Muhammad "Shah Jahan II" (1719)

12. Nasir-ud-din Roshan Akhtar Muhammad Shah "Rangila" (1719-1748)

13. Mujahid-ud-din Muhammad "Ahmad Shah" (1748-1754)

14. Aziz-ud-din "Alamgir II" (1754-1759)

15. Jalal ud-din Ali Gauhar "Shah Alam II" (1759-1806)

16. Muin-ud-din Muhammad "Akbar Shah II" (1806-1837)

17. Siraj-ud-din Muhammad "Bahadur Shah Zafar" (1837-1857)

No. Mumtaz Mahal married only once. In 1612, she married Prince Khurram afterwards Emperor Shah Jahan.

Akbar was the father of Salim. Salim succeeded Akbar under the title of Jahangir (1605-1627).

The Mughals were descended from Mongols and Turks and were Muslims, dominant in the 1600s and 1700s. The Mauryans were Hindus/Buddhists much much earlier.

Aurangzeb's father was Shah Jahan, the fifth Mughal Emperor, and his mother was Mumtaz Mahal.

akbar had 9 jewels

Fourteen children were born to Mumtaz Mahal, but only four sons and three daughters survived. They were: Jahan-Ara Begum, Dara Shikoh, Shah Shuja, Roshan-Ara Begum, Aurangzeb, Murad Bakhsh and Gauhar Ara Begum.

The Sanskrit epic Mahabharata was translated into Persian with the title 'Razm-Nama' during Akbar's reign. This Persian translation was commissioned by Akbar in the late 16th century.

Humayun's most noted achievement was in the sphere of painting. His devotion to the early Safavid School, developed during his stay in Iran, led him to recruit Persian painters of merit to accompany him back to India. Humayun constructed a citadel at Delhi. Named Din-Panah (Refuge of Religion), this structure is thought to have been destroyed during the reign of Shir Shah Sur. The foundations of Mughal art were laid by Humayun
Humayun's most noted achievement was in the sphere of painting. His devotion to the early Safavid School, developed during his stay in Iran, led him to recruit Persian painters of merit to accompany him back to India. Humayun constructed a citadel at Delhi. Named Din-Panah (Refuge of Religion), this structure is thought to have been destroyed during the reign of Shir Shah Sur. The foundations of Mughal art were laid by Humayun.

The Battle of Haldighati was the second Mughal-Rajput war. The Battle of Haldighati was fought between Maharana Pratap, the ruler of Mewar, and the Mughal army of Akbar led by his general Raja Maan Singh, in 1576 at Haldighati in Rajasthan, India. (Both Raja Maan Singh and Maharana Pratap were Rajputs)

Cause: Like his father Maharana Udai Singh, Maharana Pratap also refused to accept Mughal suzerainty. For his part, Pratap wanted to recapture his motherland Chittor from Akbar.

Outcome: Maharana Pratap was saved by his faithful horse Chetak, who died later. It can't be say that Akbar was victorious in this battle because Maharana Pratap never submitted to Akbar. On the other hand Maharana Pratap could never recover Chittor.

1406

Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan was the father of Dara Shukoh. His mother was Mumtaz Mahal. Shah Jahan had declared him as his successor under the title of Shah Buland Ikbal. Dara was murdered by Aurangzeb during the war of succession.

It decreased

The first husband of Nur Jahan was Sher Afgan, a Mughal courtier in the service of Akbar. In 1607, during Jahangir's reign, Sher Afgan rebelled and was murdered. Sher Afgan's daughter was later married to Jahangir's son Prince Shahryar.

1. Akbar the Great was a military genius although he was illiterate!
2. Akbar the Great did the most unique thing in history of Mughals which was that he made his own religion "DIN-E-ELAHI" a religious doctrine
3. Akbar the Great accomplished the jizya tax on non-muslims
4. Akbar the Great placed the elephants tusks with swords and made them war elephants!

because of the weakness of marathas they can't a strong and stable political power to replace mughals

Humayun's most noted achievement was in the sphere of painting. His devotion to the early Safavid School, developed during his stay in Iran, led him to recruit Persian painters of merit to accompany him back to India. These artists laid the foundation of the Mughal style which emerged from its Persian chrysalis as an indigenous achievement in which Indian elements blended harmoniously with the traditions of Iran and Central Asia.

Humayun constructed a citadel at Delhi. Named Din-Panah (Refuge of Religion), this structure is thought to have been destroyed during the reign of Shir Shah Sur. The most celebrated building associated with Humayun is his tomb at Delhi, write Blair and Bloom. Humayun's mausoleum is a devotion of Hamida Begum, his widow, who supervised its construction during the reign of their son Akbar.

Emperor Babur was 47 years old when he died in 1530.

Shah Jahan shifted the capital of the Mughal Empire from Agra to Delhi.

Akbar built Ibadat Khana at Fatehpur Sikri, his new capital. This is the place where the emperor invited religious scholars and teachers for discussion on religious subjects.

Babur's reign in 1526 began the Mughal Empire in India.