Music Theory

I'm not sure about the exact rules, but I have an opinion as a performer. If a piece has a coda following the DC or DS it is nice to be reminded or warned again. Same rule of thumb with an "al fine" situation, it just helps clarify the "road map" for the piece of music being performed.

F sharp.

gradually decreasing in tempo and often in volume too.

If you go to a piano and count down 2 semitones you land on a C. D double flat is a C just with another name. Double flat means you flatten (lower) the note by 2 two semitones.

Yes, but it is equivalent to the English "B-flat". The B natural is denoted "H".

It depends what kind of neumes you are talking about. The most common, and latest developed type of neumes were rectangular or square (as opposed to modern notes, which are oval or round). The square neumes were the kind that were written on a staff. Before they existed, however, there were "in campo aperto neumes", which literally means "in an open field". This means there was no staff, and they were just kind of free floating. Those looked more like old fashioned short hand than anything else. They gradually developed into the square neumes.

Yes - the sharp (#) and the double-sharp (x).

Yes. Key refers to the music scale or chords that are dominant in the music, while tempo refers to the speed of the piece.

An unaccented beat in music is any beat that is not stressed or accented, and often referred to as the "off beat". They are the beats that occur before the first beat of the bar, or before an accented downbeat of the conductor.

For example, in 3/4 time, the accented beat is the first beat of each bar and the two beats that follow are unaccented. In 4/4 time, the accented beats are 1 and, to a lesser degree, beat 3, but the unaccented beats, the ones which are not as strong, are beats 2 and 4 in each bar.

On all metronomes I have seen, the number is indicated just above the weight,

but you can double check with a watch or clock. The numbers on a metronome indicate the beats per minute, so when a metronome is set to 60 (beats per minute), then there will be a beat every second. Set your metronome so that 60 is just above the weight, and watch the seconds on a clock or watch. If there is one beat per second, then you know that it is set at 60.

If the number is indicated just below the weight, then it will be obvious that the metronome is not set to 60 when you compare it's rythym to that of a clock. If this is the case, then try setting the metronome so that 60 is just below the weight. With this new setting, if there is one beat every second, then you now know that the metronome is set at 60, and the number is indicated jsut below the weight.

The answer is probably on SongMeanings.com

A crotchet is equal to one beat. Three crotchets take three beats. It is equivalent to a dotted minim--dotted half note.

That depends on which clef. It's difficult to explain in words, but a quick Google search of musical clefs will get you your answers.

A retrograde

They are basic tonal reference points. Tonic is the key the music is in. Dominant is exactly five whole tones above tonic. This is true of any key. If you are playing in C major, the dominant is G major. If you want to transpose the piece into D major, the tonic is D and the dominant is exactly five whole tones higher - A.

It will raise it a step and a half. example: C#->D->D#->E

I don't think they have answers for those music workbooks, best to check your work with your music teacher.

If I understand your question correctly, they are the same intervals that you have in 12 tone equal temperament, diatonic music: the m2, M2, m3, M3, P4, aug4, P5, etc... The main difference is their temperament, or the way they are tuned. Some people differentiate the two by adding the prefixes "Just Intonated Major third" as opposed to a "12 ET Major third".

The differences are relative. As examples, compared to 12 tone equal temperament a just intonated: minor second is 5 cents sharper, the Major 2nd is almost 3 cents sharper, the minor 3rd is 14 cents sharper, the Major 3rd is almost 14 cents flatter, the aug 4th is almost a quarter tone flatter and the Perfect 5th is two cents sharper. Most of the inversions of these intervals keep a similar "out-of-tunedness", as well. Ben Johnston has done a lot of work in this field and has written a number of papers on Just Intonation.

While technically a tonic chord can go to any other chord working the key, in its second inversion (6-4) it has the smoothest transition into a root position V (dominant) chord. And is usually considered itself part of the V chord if used at the end of a cadence, ie: I(6-4) - V - I (or VI)

A time signature in two-four indicates that there are two beats per measure and that a quarter note is considered one beat. A two-four measure can consist of one half note, two quarter notes, 4 eighth notes, 8 sixteenth notes, and so on.

A quarter note is also called a crotchet in some places.

The song "Keep right on to the end of the road" is an example of 2/4 time.

I did a music theory exam from the ABRSM theory exams in September and the results came out in around October & November so its around 1 to 2 months.

A dynamic microphone is most similar to a speaker. They both consist of a diaphragm, a voice coil and a magnet.

False .