Philippines Literature

The savior in "Noli Me Tangere" is Elias, who helps the main character, Crisostomo Ibarra, several times throughout the story and ultimately sacrifices his life to save Ibarra. He is portrayed as a selfless and heroic figure fighting against injustice in Philippine society during the Spanish colonization.

No, Pedro Bukaneg is not the author of "Biag ni Lam-ang." The epic poem "Biag ni Lam-ang" is attributed to the Ilocano poet and bard, whose identity remains unknown.

who is the Antagonist in the story of Biag ni Lam-ang

The beginnings of Panay are shrouded in legend. It is said that ten Bornean datus, under Datu Puti, fled to Panay in search of freedom. There they entered a pact with the Ati chief, Datu Marikudo, to give to the new arrivals the coastal areas in exchange for a golden salakot (a type of hat) and a batya(wash basin). Datu Marikudo's wife, Maniwantiwan, acting shrewdly refused to accede unless the necklace of Datu Puti's wife, Pinangpangan, be given. The Atis agreed to vacate the coastal areas and moved to the mountains. The datus divided the land into Hamtik (Antique), Aklan (Capiz) and Irong-irong (Iloilo) to which Datu Paiburong is named leader. Panay it is said was ruled by two legal codes, the Maragtas, promulgated by Datu Sumakwel ca. 1225 and the Kalantiaw codified in Aklan in 1433.

Luis Aguado was the son of a captain in the Spanish navy. He would later become supply chief of the Spanish arsenal in Fort San Felipe in the town of Cavite (now Cavite City). He was married to Felisa Osorio, sister of Francisco Osorio and oldest daughter of Antonio Osorio, a Chinese-Filipino businessman reputed to be the richest in Cavite at that time. Aguado's widow would later marry Daniel Tria Tirona.

Eugenio Cabezas (born 1855 in Santa Cruz, Manila) was a goldsmith who was a freemason and Katipunero. He was married to Luisa Antonio of Cavite by whom he had seven children. He owned a jewelry and watch repair shop on Calle Real (now called Trece Martires Street) in Cavite which was used by the Katipunan as a meeting place.

Feliciano Cabuco (born June 9, 1865 in Caridad, Cavite Puerto) was born to a wealthy family in Cavite el Viejo (now Cavite City). He worked in a hospital. He was married to Marcela Bernal of Caridad by whom he had two sons.

Agapito Conchu (born 1862) was a native of Binondo, Manila who migrated to Cavite and became a school teacher, musician, photographer, painter and lithographer.

Alfonso de Ocampo (born 1860 in Cavite) was a Spanish mestizo, who had been sergeant in the Spanish colonial army before his appointment as assistant provincial jail warden. He was both a freemason and Katipunero. He was married to Ana Espíritu by whom he had two children.

Máximo Gregorio (born November 18, 1856 in Pasay, Morong) was drafted into the Spanish colonial army while he was studying at the Colegio de San Juan de Letrán. After training in San Antonio, Cavite, he was inducted into Regiment No. 72 and dispatched to Jolo, Sulu to fight the Muslims. Upon his return from Mindanao, was appointed chief clerk of the Comisaría de Guerra in Cavite where he worked for 20 years. He became a freemason and joined the Katipunan in 1892. He organized two Katipunan branches, namely, the Balangay No. 1 named Marikit (Bright) in Barrio San Antonio, Cavite and Balangay No. 2 called Lintik (Lightning) in Barrio San Rafael, also of Cavite. Among the people he initiated into the Katipunan were the jail warden Severino Lapidario, Feliciano Cabuco, tailor José Lallana, watchmaker Eugenio Cabezas and tailor Eulogio Raymundo. He was married to Celedonia Santiago with who he had four children.

Maximo Inocencio (born November 18, 1833 in Cavite) was the oldest of the martyrs. Being a freemason, he was implicated in the Cavite Mutiny of 1872 and was subsequently exiled to Ceuta in Spanish Morocco or Cartagena, Spain for 10 years. Upon his return he rebuilt a fortune from building and bridge contracting, shipbuilding, sawmilling, logging and trading. He was married to Narcisa Francisco with whom he had nine children,

José Lallana (born 1836 in Cavite) was a tailor whose shop was used by the Katipunan as a meeting place. Lallana was married to Benita Tapawan of Imus, by whom he had two children, Clara and Ramón. Ramón would later join the Philippine Revolution to avenge his father's death, but he never returned and is believed to have been killed in action.

Severino Lapidario (born January 8, 1847 in Imus, Cavite) was a corporal in the Spanish Marine Infantry who was implicated in the Cavite Mutiny of 1872. He later regained the confidence of the Spanish colonial authorities who named him warden of the Cavite provincial jail in 1890.

Victoriano Luciano (born March 23, 1863) was a pharmacist and freemason who was recognized for his formula of rare perfumes and lotions and was a member Colegio de Farmaceuticos de Manila. He studied at the Colegio de San Juan de Letrán and University of Santo Tomas. He owned a pharmacy, Botica Luciano, on Real Street (now Trece Martires Avenue) in Cavite whih was also a meeting place of the Katipunan.

Francisco Osorio (born 1860) was the scion of a wealthy and well-connected family in Cavite. Little is known of him except that he was a pharmacist and not a freemason or a Katipunanero.

Hugo Pérez (born 1856 in Binondo, Manila) was a physician. There is little biographical information about Perez except that he was a freemason.

Antonio San Agustín (born March 8, 1860 in San Roque, Cavite) was a scion of a wealthy family. He studied at Colegio de San Juan de Letran and University of Santo Tomas. He was married to Juliana Reyes. He owned the only bookstore, La Aurora, in the town which was used as a meetingplace by the Katipunan.

Your welcome,

Shawn E. Richmond

anderson silva

Ang "BFF: Best Friends Forever" ay tungkol sa pagkakaibigan nina Sharon Cuneta at Ai-Ai delas Alas na saksi sa mga pagsubok sa buhay at nagmamahalan sa kabila ng mga pagkakaiba. Dumadaan sila sa mga hirap at saya ng buhay habang nagtutulungan at nagtitiwala sa isa't isa. Binibigyang diin ng pelikula ang halaga ng tunay na pagkakaibigan at suporta sa bawat isa.

In "Noli Me Tangere" by Jose Rizal, the true father of Maria Clara is revealed to be Padre Damaso, a friar and antagonist in the novel. However, it is later discovered that Kapitan Tiago, Maria Clara's presumed father, is not her biological father.

Crisostomo Ibarra is the protagonist of the novel "Noli Me Tangere" written by Jose Rizal. He is a young, idealistic Filipino who returns to the Philippines from Europe to seek justice for his father's death and to bring about social reforms. His character symbolizes hope for change in the oppressive society of 19th century Philippines.

In Kabanata 3 of "El Filibusterismo," some of the main characters include Crisostomo Ibarra, Sisa, Tarsilo, Bruno, and the students who were part of the gathering in Sisa's house. The chapter revolves around a discussion regarding the abuses by the civil guards and the desire for change among the oppressed citizens.

"Back to the Barrios" by Juan Flavier is a memoir that highlights the author's experiences and insights from his time working as a rural doctor in remote Philippine villages. Flavier discusses the challenges and triumphs of providing healthcare to underserved communities, and emphasizes the importance of grassroots healthcare initiatives. The book offers a glimpse into the realities of rural life in the Philippines and the complexities of delivering healthcare in resource-limited settings.

paolo manalo

The Third Republic of France, also known as the Socialist Republic, was established in 1981 with the election of President François Mitterrand. It focused on implementing socialist policies, such as nationalization of key industries and expanding welfare programs. The government faced economic challenges, leading to a shift towards more market-oriented policies in later years.

Padre Dámaso - also known in his full name as Dámaso Verdolangas

Some notable Philippine authors are:

Estrella Alfon

Francisco Arcellana

Carlos Bulosan

Cecilia Manguerra Brainard

Linda Ty Casper

Gilda Cordero-Fernando

N. V. M. Gonzalez

Nick Joaquin

F. Sionil José

Ambeth R. Ocampo

Alejandro R. Roces

Bienvenido Santos

Edilberto K. Tiempo

Kerima Polotan Tuvera

José Rizal

Francisco Balagtas

Zoilo Galang

Lualhati Bautista

Genoveva Edroza-Matute

Nicanor Abelardo

No, the characters in "Noli Me Tangere" are not related to José Rizal, the author of the novel. The characters are fictional and represent various societal roles and backgrounds in the Philippines during the Spanish colonization period. Rizal used these characters to address social issues and criticisms of the era.

The author of "Pilandok crosses the river" is Virgilio S. Almario.

In the story of Lam-ang, the protagonist conquered his challenge by using his exceptional strength and bravery to defeat his enemies and complete the tasks set before him. He also had the supernatural aid of his loyal pets and assistance from his wife, who helped him retrieve his lost body parts to make him whole again. In the end, Lam-ang's determination and courage allowed him to emerge victorious against all odds.

Damaso Verdolagas (karaniwang kilala bilang Padre Damaso / Padre Damaso o Ama Damaso), ng mga Pransiskano order, ay ang dating koadhutor ng parokya simbahan ng San Diego. Siya ay ang koadhutor halos dalawampung taon bago siya mapalitan ng marami mas bata Padre Salvi. Padre Damaso ay kilala na maging friendly sa mga pamilya Ibarra, kaya marami na Crisostomo ay ulat sa pamamagitan ng kung ano ang dating koadhutor ginawa sa Don Rafael.

Siya ay nagsiwalat na ang biological ama ni Maria Clara.

Padre Damaso ay inilarawan sa maging mapangmata, mabangis at madaldal. Hindi niya ang control kaniyang mga salita kapag nagsasalita at Hindi pag-aalaga kung ang mga tao siya ay pakikipag-usap sa nararamdaman down.

"Florante at Laura" is set in the fictional kingdom of Albania and the neighboring kingdoms of Persia and Greece. The story takes place during the medieval era, with lush forests, grand palaces, and turbulent political landscapes as the backdrop for the characters' adventures and struggles.

"Zita" by Arturo Rotor is a short story that explores themes of social class, identity, and the complexities of human relationships. The story follows the life of Zita, a beautiful young woman who navigates the societal expectations placed upon her. Through Zita's character, Rotor sheds light on the inner struggles and external pressures that individuals face in trying to find their place in the world.

The main problem in "Biag ni Lam-ang" revolves around the quest for revenge by the protagonist, Lam-ang, after his father was unjustly killed. Lam-ang seeks to avenge his father's death and prove his worth through heroic deeds.

The setting in "Zita" by Arturo B. Rotor is a small town in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. The story revolves around the main character's interactions with the townspeople and their struggles under Spanish rule.

This article is based from the book of Jose Rizal (blue covered book) which was written by Zaide.

This novel is a sequel to the Noli. It has a little humor, less idealism, and less romance than the Noli Me Tangere. It is more revolutionary and more tragic than the first novel.

The hero of El Filibusterismo is a rich jeweler named Simoun. He was Crisostomo Ibarra of the Noli, who, with Elias' help, escaped from the pursuing soldiers at Laguna de Bay, dug up his buried treasure, and fled to Cuba where he became rich and befriended many Spanish officials. After many years he returned to the Philippines, where he freely moved around. He is a powerful figure not only because he is a rich jeweler but also because he is a good friend and adviser of the governor general.

Outwardly, Simoun is a friend of Spain. However deep in his heart, he is secretly cherishing a terrible revenge against the Spanish authorities. His two magnificent obsessions are to rescue Maria Clara from the nunnery of Santa Clara and to foment a revolution against the hated Spanish masters.

The story of El Filibusterismo begins on board the clumsy, roundish shaped steamer Tabo, so appropriately named. This steamer is sailing upstream the Pasig from Manila to Laguna de Bay. Among the passengers are Simoun, the rich jeweler; Doña Victorina, the ridiculously pro-Spanish native woman who is going to Laguna in search of her henpecked husband, Tiburcio de Espadaña, who has deserted her; Paulita Gomez, her beautiful niece; Ben-Zayb (anagram of Ibañez), a Spanish journalist who writes silly articles about the Filipinos; Padre Sibyla, vice-rector of the University of Santo Tomas; Padre Camorra, the parish priest of the town of Tiani; Don Custodio, a pro-spanish Filipino holding a position in the government; Padre Salvi, thin Franciscan friar and former cura of San Diego; Padre Irene, a kind friar who was a friend of the Filipino students; Padre Florentino, a retired scholarly and patriotic Filipino priest; Isagani, a poet-nephew of Padre Florentino and a lover of Paulita; and Basilio, son of Sisa and promising medical student, whose medical education is financed by his patron, Capitan Tiago.

Simoun, a man of wealth and mystery, is a very close friend and confidante of the Spanish governor general. Because of his great influence in Malacañang, he was called the "Brown Cardinal" or the "Black Eminence". By using his wealth and political influence, he encourages corruption in the government, promotes the oppression of the masses, and hastens the moral degradation of the country so that the people may become desperate and fight. He smuggles arms into the country with the help of a rich Chinese merchant, Quiroga, who wants very much to be Chinese consul of Manila. His first attempt to begin the armed uprising did not materialize because at the last hour he hears the sad news that Maria Clara died in the nunnery. In his agonizing moment of bereavement, he did not give the signal for the outbreak of hostilities.

After a long time of illness brought about by the bitter loss of Maria Clara, Simoun perfects his plan to overthrow the government. On the occasion of the wedding of Paulita Gomez and Juanito Pelaez, he gives a wedding gift to them a beautiful lamp. Only he and his confidential associates, Basilio (Sisa's son who joined his revolutionary cause), know that when the wick of his lamp burns lower the nitroglycerine, hidden in its secret compartment, will explode, destroying the house where the wedding feast is going to be held killing all the guests, including the governor general, the friars, and the government officials. Simultaneously, all the government buildings in Manila will be blown by Simoun's followers.

As the wedding feast begins, the poet Isagani, who has been rejected by Paulita because of his liberal ideas, is standing outside the house, watching sorrowfully the merriment inside. Basilio, his friend, warns him to go away because the lightened lamp will soon explode.

Upon hearing the horrible secret of the lamp, Isagani realizes that his beloved Paulita was in grave danger. To save her life, he rushes into the house, seizes the lightened lamp, and hurls it into the river, where it explodes.

The revolutionary plot was thus discovered. Simoun was cornered by the soldiers, but he escaped. Mortally wounded, and carrying his treasure chest, he sought refuge in the home of Padre Florentino by the sea.

The Spanish authorities, however, learns of his presence in the house of Padre Florentino. Lieutenant Perez of the Guardia Civil informs the priest by letter that he would come at eight o'clock that night to arrest Simoun.

Simoun eluded arrest by taking poison. As he is dying, he confesses to Padre Florentino, revealing his true identity, his dastardly plan to use his wealth to avenge himself, and his sinister aim to destroy his friends and enemies.

The confession of the dying Simoun is long and painful. It is already night when Padre Florentino, wiping the sweat from his wrinkled brow, rises and begins to meditate. He consoles the dying man saying: "God will forgive you Señor Simoun. He knows that we are fallible. He has seen that you have suffered, and in ordaining that the chastisement for your faults should come as death from the very ones you have instigated to crime, we can see His infinite mercy. He has frustrated your plans one by one, the best conceived, first by the death of Maria Clara, then by a lack of preparation, then in some mysterious way. Let us bow to His will and render Him thanks!"

Watching Simoun die peacefully with a clear conscience and at peace with God. Padre Florentino falls upon his knees and prays for the dead jeweler. He takes the treasure chest and throws it into the sea; as the waves close over the sinking chest.

When Lam-ang was devoured by the shark, he fought his way out from inside the fish, tearing through its belly. As he emerged, he was miraculously unscathed, unharmed by the shark's digestive system, showcasing his extraordinary strength and abilities even in the face of extreme circumstances.