Popes

Ipso facto is a Latin term which is translated as 'by the fact itself' and it means that a certain effect is a direct consequence of ones action.

If you are ipso facto excommunicated, it means you get automatically excommunicated by a certain deed itself, eg. if a priest gives absolution to his lover, or if someone hits the pope, he gets ipso facto excommunicated, just by doing this.

The Babylonian Captivity which began in 626 BC and ended in 539 BC, was long before the first pope, Peter, took office in about 33 AD.

The pope never contradicts the Bible. He may contradict what certain groups, particularly Protestants, THINK the Bible says. The Magisterium of the Church has the final say as to how Catholics should interpret the Bible.

Many people, especially the clergy in Italy considered him a 'country bumpkin' and unsophisticated since he came from a family of poor farmers.

Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa was the birth name of Pope Benedict XV.

I am not certain but I think the various popes of the Medieval time period converted just about all of Europe if it wasn't already converted before then.

An indulgence forgives nothing. An indulgence only remits punishment in Purgatory for sins committed and already forgiven through confession. An indulgence can only be granted under certain conditions that must be met. The couple would have to petition for an annulment and, if granted, then go to confession to ask forgiveness. Only then would they be eligible for an indulgence.

The pope is assisted by the Papal Master of ceremonies who is almost always by the pope's side during liturgies. The current holder (2013) is Monsignor Guido Marini. The Master of Ceremonies is apponted by the pope for a 5 year term.

The Master of ceremonies is an official of the Papal Court responsible for the proper and smooth conduct of the elegant and elaborate rituals involving the Pope and the sacred liturgy. He may also be an official involved in the proper conduct of protocols and ceremonials involving the Roman Pontiff, the Papal Court, and other dignitaries and potentates. Examples of official liturgical books prescribing the rules and regulations of liturgical celebrations are Ceremoniale Romanum and Ceremoniale Episcoporum.

Normally the pope lives and does much of his work in the Apostolic Palace of the Vatican. However, Pope Francis has chosen to live in a small apartment in the Casa Santa Marta, a hostel in the Vatican normally used by visiting dignitaries and for housing the cardinals during a papal conclave.

King Henry VIII

st thomas II, pope st dustan, Lanfranc, first archbisshop of canterbury

Attila was a barbarian invader and Pope Leo convinced him not to sack Rome.

Pope Julius II brought Michelangelo to the Vatican to paint the Sistine Chapel ceiling.

Since the beginning of the 1960's, these are the list of Popes:

262.Blessed John XXIII (1958-63)

263.Paul VI (1963-78)

264.John Paul I (1978)

265.John Paul II (1978-2005)

266.Benedict XVI (2005-2013)

267. Francis I (2013-)

The acronym OFS is a religious community, formerly the Brothers and Sisters of Penance, recognized by the Holy See by the official name of Ordo Franciscanus Saecularis. or "Secular Franciscan Order." Members of the group follow the ideals of St. Francis of Assisi (1182-1226).

It includes both Catholic clergy and those outside the Church.

"Habemos Papam"

The only pope that we know was crucified was St. Peter. Many of the early popes were martyred but the method of martyrdom is not recorded. Others could have met their fate by crucifixion.

St. Malachy

Jesus was Jewish, as were all members of the one Church of Christ shortly after Jesus died, including the apostles. Peter and Paul opened the church to everyone, not just Jewish people,since Jesus died for all. The church became "catholic", which means "open to all, universal"

However, since the Great Schism, and particularly the Reformation, some people protested against corruption and evil within the Church and so these 'Protestants' now have their own churches such a the Anglican Church, Lutherans, Methodists and so on. So while these churches can still be called 'catholic' (with a small 'c') meaning universal, they are not part of the Roman Catholic Church, the branch of the Christian Church that is still under the authority of the Pope.

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There have been 3 popes named Sylvester. Please be specific.

No, he sent Christians to fight. The Turks were Muslims.

He crowned Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor.