Scientists

They used an instrument known as a draughting board. You can see pictures of these by interrogating images.google.com for draughting board.

The original conditions may not have been conducent to good results, for example, scientists testing heat transfer and didn't use a completely closed environment in their experiment may have the conditions changed by other scientists who are peer-reviewing the experiment. They may also change it to see how the change alters the results

States and local governments have to compete with each other and do not have, therefore, an incentive to spend their money on the needy people in their area.

He would develop an experiment. He has already made his hypothesis, he already drew his conclusion, and has already analyzed his data. To develop an experiment is the last possible thing for him to do.

Good luck on whatever you needed this for hun. ;)

If the personal opinion of a scientist affects the way that the experimental results are reported, that is called bias.

Please see the link.

She was. She died in 1992. Please see the link.

Social scientists study non-matter. For example, a psychologist might study the relationship between a person's age and their reaction time.

But I don't think that's what you mean. By matter I believe you mean something that can assume one of the forms, solid, liquid, gas or plasma. Non-matter means something physical other than this.

In this sense, non-matter includes light, electricity, magnetism, radio waves, lasers, heat, and so on.

This is a hard to answer question, because there are literally thousands of awards given out to scientists for outstanding discoveries and huge breakthroughs in their field. In addition, scientists is a very broad category as there are biologists, chemists, physicists, medical researchers, chemical engineers, geologists, etc.

I can answer what the most prestigious award for a scientist to get is, and that would be a Nobel Prize. Winning a Noble Prize often makes a formerally unknown scientist famous, at least within their field of study. A Nobel Prize in science can be awarded for an outstanding discovery or advancement in the field of chemistry, physiology or medicine (same category), and physics. In addition though not typically thought of by many as "true scientists" there is a Nobel Prize for economics¹. Also though rare, a scientist can win a nobel peace prize as well. An example is Linus Pauling, who was incremental in researching the effects of nuclear weapons and the eventual passage of the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty between the Soviet Union, The United States of America, and Great Britain.

If your interested in learning more about the extensive list of awards a scientist can earn, I would recommend looking at the Wikipedia article titled "List of Prizes, Medals, and Awards" and going to the "Science and Technology" subsection. I have also included the URL below.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prizes,_medals,_and_awards#Science_and_technology

¹Economics, like psychology and sociology, is a social science, which due to unpredicatable behavior and forces makes the hypothesis and outcome have a much larger disparity compared to traditional sciences.

Scientists use models of natural systems because these systems are often too large,
too small, or too complex to study directly

Yes.

Yes, any living thing is made up of cells, that includes plants and trees.

No. Sorry

It was once completely covered in water.

-Desi :)

by studying the earth gravity

by studying eartquakes

Are you referring to the biological energy transformations involved in the body of a person actually lifting a box?

Or are you referring to the act of imbuing an inanimate object with potential kinetic energy?

If it is the latter;

You are investing Potential Kinetic Energy in the box when you put it up on a shelf. If your body were 100% efficient, it should have expendeded as much energy in raising the box as the box then possesses.

Because the box can fall, it will have the potential to transform its potential kinetic energy into actual kinetic energy, by virtue of its mass and velocity.

It could do work, like falling on a lever which propelled a weight up a column and rang a bell on the top.

If it is the former... I don't know.

A physicts

Leonardo Da Vinchi

They theorize that during this period the first of three gill arches on a jawless fish evolved into the first jaws.

multidemensional

An expert witness

By raising the importance of the individual, Europeans were able to see past the idea that God was responsible for all order in the universe.

a famous colonial american was an author publisher, politician, scientist, & inventor