Sickle-Cell Disease

Abnormal hemoglobin in your blood cells.

Hemoglobin is a protein in the blood cells that allows the cells to carry oxygen and gives them their red color. The abnormal hemoglobin causes the cells to turn from their usual donut shape to a C or sickle shape.

Sickle Cell Anemia is an autosomal recessive trait. This means that in order for the trait to be shown, both parents of an individual must carry at least one sickle cell gene. A child with this disorder can be born to parents who do not have the disorder because the parents must have at least one gene, but do not have two and therefore do not show the trait. Since it is recessive, in order to show the trait, you must have two of the genes.

yes

No.

yes

cystic fibrosis

small change in the DNA of a single gene

Sickle Cell Anemia is an inherited blood disorder that causes the blood cells to change into a shape resembling a farmers sickle or a banana and makes blood flow difficult. There are many complications created by this disease. To learn more about the disease you could use this link: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Sca/SCA_Causes.html

It is more common for people of African descent to get sickle cell anemia. Sickle cell anemia is linked to survivors of falciparum malaria (P. falciparum), it is believed that the hemoglobin cells take on the sickle shape to give the mammal an increased survival rate.

To transcribe and translate the normal and sickle cell DNA you need to do the following: transcribe into RNA normal: ccc gaa gaa aaa sickle: ccc gua gaa aaa Then look in codon table normal Proline Glutamtatic acid Glutamtatic acid Lysine sicke Proline Valine Glutamtatic acid Lysine

Yes, sickle cell anemia can lead to an enlarged heart, a condition known as cardiomegaly. This occurs due to chronic anemia and the increased workload on the heart to pump oxygen-rich blood throughout the body. Additionally, complications such as pulmonary hypertension, which is common in sickle cell patients, can further strain the heart, contributing to its enlargement. Regular monitoring and management of these complications are essential for maintaining heart health in individuals with sickle cell anemia.

No. Instead of being flexible and disc-shaped like normal red blood cells, sickle cells are more stiff and curved in the shape of the old farm tool known as a sickle - that's where the disease gets its name. The shape is similar to a crescent moon.

No

Sickle cell disease is more common among blacks than among people of other races.

Yes. There is a 1 in 4 chance that a child can contract sickle cell with the remaining having a chance to get the trait or being normal.

false

Glutamate is substituted for a valine at position 6.

But this is not an amino acid problem, it's the construction of hemoglobin that's in error.

Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive disease. Carriers have sickle cell trait, which confers resistance to malaria.

evolutionary advantage means that if you have to types of sickle cell anaemia and one is resistant to a drug the the other one is not then the one that is not resistant dies off and the sickle cell anaemia that is resistant becomes dominant and that is why sickle cell anaemia is still so widespread in Africa because the strain that is widespread in Africa is resistant is anti-biotics.

Sickle cell disease is a chronic illness that comes from two parents who have sickle cell trait. This disease can be passed on if both parents have a sickle cell trait & gives that child each trait. The sickle cell trait is important because one must know if he/she is a carrier. If you carry this trait, most likely you will not be sick. It is only when you have children that knowing if you carry the trait is vital. Your child could be born with a painful, chronic, underexposed illness that will require that you have more knowledge than most doctors. Arm yourself with knowledge & get ready for a long fight for justice.

RBCs contain HbS and with oxygen are flexible discs. When O2 is low, RBCs sickle or become elongated and rigid. As that blood circulates the body may have decreased oxygen levels. The RBCs (or erythrocytes) are unable to pass easily through small arteries so the cell membrane is damaged and tissue damage and multiple infarctions occur.

yes because you wont have enough red blood cells in your body, and eventually they will start to decrease more... even taking a few steps will cause you to fall or even faint... you can no longer walk on your own or make any movements because you will feel like you are about to pass out. Therefore you will need a wheelchair and somone next to you helping you every day. That is considered a disability

If you have beta thalassemia trait and your partner has sickle cell trait there is a 25% chance of your child having sickle beta thalassemia.

Eat foods rich in folic acid.

Try to avoid stress.

Try to avoid moving from cold to high temperatures and vice versa

The lack of blood flow or poor blood flow will cause problems when you need muscles the most.