Soaps and Detergents

The method for testing water hardness that your lab in the attached link seeks to emulate is based on the use of tincture of green soap (TGS). Years ago, TGS was readily available but has been replaced by non-soap (detergent) hand cleaners. If you can locate TGS, the test proceeds by adding TGS, dropwise, to a 1 ounce sample of water and shaking between addition of drops to create suds. Either suds form or they don't. Keep adding TGS, dropwise, until you get suds. The number of drops is how you describe how hard the water is.

The suds will not form until all the calcium2+ is bound up to make calcium stearate (soap scum). The less calcium2+ the softer the water. Rain water and distilled water will form suds after the addition of 1 drop of TGS because there is no calcium2+.

This cannot be accomplished with non-soap detergents because detergents will form suds in soft as well as hard water because they do not form soap scum.

Cationic detergents are surfactants with a positively charged head group. They are commonly used in fabric softeners and hair conditioners. An example of a cationic detergent is cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB).

A dish soap that cuts through grease effectively, is gentle on the skin, and eco-friendly is often considered the best option. Look for brands that offer these features and choose one that suits your preferences and needs.

DUZ Detergent was a popular laundry detergent in the mid-20th century, known for its effectiveness and unique branding. However, it was eventually discontinued as consumer preferences shifted towards other brands and formulations in the laundry detergent market. Today, DUZ Detergent is primarily remembered as a nostalgic product from the past.

Laundry detergent contains surfactants that break down the grease molecules on the material's surface. The surfactants surround the grease, causing it to detach from the fabric and disperse in the water. This allows the grease to be effectively washed away during the rinse cycle.

The average American uses around 8-10 gallons of water to wash their hands each day. This translates to approximately one-sixth of a cup of liquid soap or a dime-sized amount of bar soap per wash.

Liquid laundry detergent comes in a liquid form and is pre-diluted, making it easy to pour directly into the washing machine. Dry laundry detergent, on the other hand, comes in powder or tablet form and needs to be dissolved in water before adding clothes. Dry detergent is typically more concentrated than liquid detergent.

Green detergents are typically less toxic than conventional detergents because they contain fewer harmful chemicals such as phosphates, chlorine, and synthetic fragrances. They are often biodegradable and made from natural ingredients, making them a more environmentally friendly option. However, it's important to always check the specific ingredients of a green detergent to ensure it meets your standards for safety and sustainability.

Soaps develop cracks when they dry out, leading to the loss of moisture and shrinkage of the soap. Factors like low humidity, high temperatures, or being left in contact with air for long periods can contribute to the development of cracks in soap. Choosing a good quality soap with moisturizing properties can help prevent cracking.

Saturate the cloth with white vinegar and let it sit for a few minutes. Then rinse the cloth out with cool water while working the fabric with your fingers to remove any residue. Repeat if necessary.

Soap suds are created when soap molecules arrange themselves around water to form bubbles. The two main ingredients needed to create soap suds are soap molecules and water. When combined, they trap air and create the foamy lather that we commonly associate with soap.

Soap is a mixture. It is made up of various compounds such as fats, oils, and alkalis that are combined to create a solid or liquid product used for cleaning.

Ajax cleanser (or Ajax brand cleanser with bleach) is a powdered household and industrial cleaner introduced by Colgate-Palmolive in 1947. Its slogan was "Stronger than dirt!", a reference to the mythical character Ajax, one of the strongest characters in Greek Mythology.

Fels Naptha soap is made from a mixture of sodium tallowate, sodium palmate, and sodium cocoate (soap derived from animal and plant fats). It also contains water, talc, coconut acid, palm acid, palm kernel acid, fragrance, sodium chloride, glycerin, pentasodium pentetate, pentaerythrityl tetra-di-t-butyl hydroxyhydrocinnamate, and titanium dioxide.

Soap molecules have a hydrophilic (water-attracting) head and a hydrophobic (water-repelling) tail. When mixed with water, the soap molecules arrange themselves with the tails pointing toward each other to form micelles, trapping dirt and oil. The hydrophobic tails also disrupt the surface tension of water, creating bubbles and making the solution sudsy.

Soap contains surfactants and other chemical compounds that can break down the lipid layer of a bacteria's cell membrane, causing its structure to fall apart and ultimately killing the bacteria. Additionally, the mechanical action of rubbing the hands together while washing helps to remove bacteria from the skin's surface.

Laundry detergent typically consists of surfactants to remove dirt and stains, enzymes to break down proteins and oil-based stains, builders to soften hard water and improve detergent efficiency, brighteners to enhance appearance, and fragrance to provide a pleasant scent. Additional ingredients like stabilizers and anti-redeposition agents may also be included.

To get the black series soap dispenser to work, first make sure it is filled with liquid soap. Then, wave your hand under the sensor to activate the dispenser and release the soap. Adjust the sensor sensitivity if needed by following the manufacturer's instructions.

Liquid soaps and foaming soaps tend to leave less soap scum compared to bar soaps because they contain fewer fats and oils. Look for soaps that are specifically labeled as "residue-free" or "non-soap scum forming" for best results. Regular cleaning of surfaces with a mild detergent can also help reduce soap scum buildup.

Dishwasher detergent is a solution. It consists of dissolved chemicals in water that help to clean dishes by breaking down food particles and grease.

Soap formation is the process of combining a fatty acid or triglyceride with a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, through a chemical reaction called saponification. This reaction creates soap molecules, which have a hydrophilic (water-attracting) head and a hydrophobic (water-repelling) tail. These soap molecules help to remove dirt and grease from surfaces by emulsifying them in water for easy rinsing.

Jerry Collins of Procter and Gamble in 1970.

Era detergent typically contains ingredients such as surfactants (to remove dirt and stains), enzymes (to break down proteins and other organic materials), builders (to help soften water), and fragrance. Specific formulations may vary by product and brand.

Soap is effective at killing germs because it contains surfactants that break down the outer lipid membrane of many bacteria and viruses, causing them to disintegrate. Additionally, the act of lathering and scrubbing with soap helps physically remove germs from the skin or surfaces.